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содержание .. 32 33 34 35 ..
3.9
ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ
ɄɈɇȾɂɐɂɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ
:
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
(2/2)
ȼ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɮɬɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨ
-
ɜɵɟ
ɝɚɡɵ
.
ȼ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨ
-
ɛɢɥɹ
²
ɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
A
ɜ
ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɦ
ɨɬɫɟɤɟ
ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ
-
ɧɨɣ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɢ
A
ɡɚɜɢɫ
ɢ
ɬ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
.
ɇɟ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶ
-
ɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪ
.
ɉɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɠɭ
ɢ
ɜ
ɝɥɚɡɚ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨ
¶
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɜ
ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɦ
ɨɬɫɟɤɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬ
-
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɢɧ
-
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɨ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ
ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɞɜɢ
-
ɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
2).
Ñ
Ɍɢɩ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ
Ɍɢɩ
ɦɚɫɥɚ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɤɨɧɞɢ
-
ɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
Ɉɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɋɦ
.
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ
-
ɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
.
x,xxx
ɤɝ
ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
(GWP) (
ɷɤ
-
ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ
CO2).
GWP xxxxx
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨ
ɜɟɫɭ
ɢ
ɷɤ
-
ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɭ
CO2.
CO2
ɷɤɜ
.
x,xx
ɬ
A
A
A
3.10
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
6
.
ɋɌȿɄɅɈɉɈȾɔȿɆɇɂɄɂ
(1/3)
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɢ
ɫ
ɪɭɱɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ
ȼɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ
ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ
1
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɧɭɸ
ɜɵɫɨɬɭ
.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɢ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɞɨ
ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
¶
ɉɪɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɧɭɸ
ɜɵɫɨɬɭ
.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɫ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
:
–
2
ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
;
–
3
ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
;
–
4
ɢ
5
ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɞɧɢɯ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ
.
ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɫɥɨɧɹɣɬɟ
ɤɚɤɢɟ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɤ
ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɭ
ɨɤɧɭ
:
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨ
-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ
.
Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ
ɬɪɚɜɦɭ
.
1
2
3
5
4
6
3.11
ɋɌȿɄɅɈɉɈȾɔȿɆɇɂɄɂ
(2/3)
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɫ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
7
.
7
8
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ
ɧɚ
ɡɚɞɧɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹɯ
ȼɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɡɚɞɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɢ
,
ɧɚɠɚɜ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
8
.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ȼɵɯɨɞɹ
ɢɡ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
,
ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ
ɤɥɸɱ
ɜ
ɫɚɥɨɧɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɜ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ
ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ
ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ
,
ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɣ
ɫ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ
,
ɞɚɠɟ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
.
Ɉɧɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ
ɪɢɫɤɭ
ɫɟɛɹ
ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɥɸɞɟɣ
,
ɜɵɡɜɚɜ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɹ
ɜ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
(
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
,
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɢɥɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɜ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɢ
).
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɨɣ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɬɟɥɚ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
,
ɧɚɠɚɜ
ɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
.
3.12
ɋɌȿɄɅɈɉɈȾɔȿɆɇɂɄɂ
(3/3)
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɢ
ȿɫɥɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢ
-
ɫɬɟɦɨɣ
,
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ
,
ɨɩɢ
-
ɫɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜɵɲɟ
.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɞɜɟɪɢ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
.
–
Ɋɟɡɤɨ
ɢ
ɞɨ
ɭɩɨɪɚ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬ
-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
–
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ
.
–
Ɋɟɡɤɨ
ɢ
ɞɨ
ɭɩɨɪɚ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟ
-
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
–
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨɞɧɢ
-
ɦɟɬɫɹ
.
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ
ɩɪɢɜɨ
-
ɞɢɬ
ɤ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
(
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
,
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ
ɜɟɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɩ
.),
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
,
ɚ
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ
.
ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɜɢ
-
ɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ
ɤ
ɟɝɨ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
.
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ
ɨɞɧɨ
ɢɡ
ɫɬɟɤɨɥ
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
,
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɧɵɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚ
-
ɬɟɥɶ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
,
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɱɟɝɨ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟ
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɠɚɬɵɦ
(
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ
)
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɟɯ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɢ
ɩɨɞ
-
ɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɧɚ
ɫɟɪ
-
ɜɢɫɧɭɸ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
-
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ
-
ɬɟɥɹ
.
Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɹ
ɨɤɧɚ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɢɡ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɧɟ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɧɢɤɚɤɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɬɟɥɚ
(
ɪɭɤɚ
,
ɥɚɞɨɧɶ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.).
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
.
ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɫɥɨɧɹɣɬɟ
ɤɚɤɢɟ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɤ
ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɭ
ɫɬɟɤɥɭ
ɨɤɧɚ
:
ɨɩɚɫ
-
ɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɨɞɴɟɦ
-
ɧɢɤɚ
.
содержание .. 32 33 34 35 ..
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