Nissan PULSAR N13 Series / ASTRA LD Series. Manual - part 20

Cooling and Heating Systems

 

81

 

 

continuous stream of bubbles indicates that the refriger- 
ant charge is low.

 

A large number of bubbles or foam indicates that 

the refrigerant charge is very low.

 

No bubbles or the presence of oil streaks in the 

sight glass indicate that the system is completely 
empty.

 

NOTE: If the outside air temperature is 
high, a certain number of bubbles may be 
observed in the sight glass, even though the 
system is fully charged.

 

If the system requires recharging, the vehicle 

should be taken to an authorized dealer for evacu- 
ation, leak testing and recharging.

 

Do not operate the system if it is known that the 

refrigerant charge is low as damage may result.

 

MAINTENANCE

 

The air conditioning system requires little main-

 

tenance other than the following. Where applicable, 
refer to the Lubrication and Maintenance section for 
the recommended service intervals.

 

(1)  Check the refrigerant charge level  in the 

receiver/dryer sight glass.  Recharge the system as 
necessary. It is considered normal for the system to 
require periodic recharging. 

(2)  Inspect the air conditioner pipes and hoses 

for leaks, deterioration and alignment. Evidence of oil 
leakage is an indication of refrigerant leakage. Repair 
or renew as necessary. 

(3)  Inspect the evaporator drain tube and the 

condenser cooling fins for blockage. Clean as neces- 
sary. 

(4)  Check the drive belt for deterioration and for 

correct tension. Refer to the Engine Tune-up section 
for the correct procedure. 

(5)  Operate the system at least once a week for 

approximately 15 minutes to keep the compressor 
seals lubricated. 

82

 

FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT

 

CAUTION: To prevent severe electrical shock, extreme care must be taken when 
working on or near the electronic ignition system as dangerous high tension voltages 
are produced in both the primary and secondary circuits. See the text for 
precautionary notes.

 

SPECIFICATIONS

 

FUEL INJECTION

 

Type:

 

1.6 liter engine.................................. Single point

 

1.8 liter engine................................... Multi point

 

FUEL PUMP

 

Type ................................................................ Electric

 

Pressure at idle:

 

1.6 liter engine .....................................62-90 kPa

 

1.8 liter engine ................................ 190-230 kPa

 

FUEL FILTER

 

Type ................................................ Inline, disposable

 

AIR FILTER

 

Type ................................... Disposable paper element

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Make ........................................................Delco Remy

 

Advance control .......................................... Electronic

 

Rotation of rotor ..................................Anti-clockwise

 

Firing order....................................................1 -3-4-2

 

ADJUSTMENTS

 

Base idle speed ..................................... 550-650 rpm

 

Ignition timing..........................................  10° BTDC

 

TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS

 

Throttle body nuts .......................................... 10 Nm

 

*Throttle body bolts ........................................ 12 Nm

 

*Fuel hose fittings............................................ 35 Nm

 

Fuel rail bolts ....................................................8 Nm

 

Fuel tank drain plug........................................ 24 Nm

 

Coolant temperature sensor ............................ 12 Nm

 

Oxygen sensor.................................................. 40 Nm

 

MAT  sensor..................................................... 14 Nm

 

*1.6 liter engine 
l . 8  liter engine

 

1.    FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT 

TROUBLE SHOOTING

 

NOTE: The following Trouble Shooting pro- 
cedures are basic checks only. If these pro- 
cedures fail to locate the fault, refer to the 
System Diagnosis and Adjustments heading 
for more thorough testing.

 

Prior to performing any of the following 

operations, refer to the Service Precautions 
and Procedures heading.

 

ENGINE WILL NOT START OR HARD TO

 

START

 

(1)  Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the 

system and renew the fuel filter. 

(2)  Fault in the power supply: Check the battery, 

fusible links and fuses. Check for clean, secure con- 
nections, particularly the earth connections. Check the 
EG1 and fuel pump relays. 

NOTE: If the fuel pump relay fails, power 
will be supplied to the fuel pump via the oil 
pressure switch. When starting the engine,

 

 

Check that the MAP sensor hose is not blocked or split 

and ensure that all electrical connections are clean and 

secure.

 

Fuel and Engine Management

 

83

 

 

the fuel pump will not operate until the oil 
pressure is sufficient to extinguish the oil 
pressure warning lamp. Therefore it will be 
necessary to operate the starter motor for a 
longer period than usual to start the engine.

 

(3)  Faulty EFI component wiring connections: 

Check that all component wiring connections are 
clean and secure. 

(4)  Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor 

vacuum hose blocked or disconnected: Clear or recon- 
nect the vacuum hose. 

(5)  Fault   in  the   ignition  system:   Check  the 

primary and secondary ignition circuits. 

(6)  Engine flooded: Fully depress the throttle 

pedal  until  the  engine  starts.   Check the coolant 
temperature sensor. Check the injector(s) for leakage. 

ENGINE STARTS THEN STALLS

 

(1)  Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the 

system and renew the fuel filter. 

(2)  Air leakage at the inlet manifold: Check all 

joints and hoses for air leaks. 

(3)  Faulty EFI wiring connections: Check that 

all   component   wiring  connections   are   clean   and 
secure. 

(4)  Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and 

adjust the timing. 

(5)  MAP sensor faulty or supply hose discon- 

nected or blocked: Check the vacuum supply hose. 
Check the operation of the MAP sensor. 

ENGINE MISFIRES

 

(1)  Faulty, dirty or incorrectly adjusted spark 

plugs: Renew or clean and adjust the spark plugs. 

(2)  Condensation in the distributor cap: Dry and 

examine the cap for cracks. 

(3)  Faulty high tension leads: Check and renew 

the high tension leads. 

 

Testing the fuel system  pressure using a pressure 

gauge. 

(4)  Faulty ignition coil: Check and renew the 

ignition coil. 

(5)  Fuel blockage: Check for blockage in the fuel 

filter, lines and injector(s). 

(6)  Low fuel pressure: Check the fuel pump and 

fuel pressure regulator. 

(7)  Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the 

system and renew the fuel filter. 

(8)  Loose fuel supply wiring connectors: Check 

all connectors for tightness. 

(9)  Faulty fuel injector: Check the connections 

and test the condition of the fuel injectors. 

ENGINE LACKS POWER

 

(1)  Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and 

adjust the timing. 

(2)  Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the 

system and renew the fuel filter. 

(3)  Incorrectly adjusted throttle cable: Adjust the 

throttle cable. 

  

 

Check the distributor cap for cracks or tracking be- 

tween the terminals. 

The air filter element should be renewed at 40 000 km 

intervals. 1.8 liter engine. 

Fuel and Engine Management

 

(4) MAP sensor faulty or supply hose discon- 

nected or blocked: Check the vacuum supply hose. 
Check the operation of the MAP sensor.

 

EXCESSIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION

 

(1)  Blocked air cleaner element: Check the ele- 

ment and clean or renew as necessary. 

(2)  Incorrect fuel pressure: Check the fuel pump 

and fuel pressure regulator. 

(3)  Faulty coolant temperature sensor: Check 

the connections and operation. 

 

(4)  Leaks in the fuel supply system: Check the 

connections and components for leakage. 

(5)  Leaking fuel injector(s): Clean or renew the 

faulty injector(s). 

(6)  Engine   operating   temperature   too   low: 

Check the thermostat and electric cooling fan as 
described in the Cooling and Heating Systems section. 

2.    DESCRIPTION 

The engine management system on the range of 

vehicles covered by this manual controls the opera- 
tion of the ignition system and the fuel system.

 

The central component of the engine management 

system is the electronic control unit (ECU). The con- 
trol unit is a micro-computer which controls the igni- 
tion timing and the amount of fuel injected according 
to signals received from various sensors. As changes 
are detected in engine load and speed, coolant tem- 
perature, barometric pressure, air temperature (1.8 
liter engine), throttle position and vehicle speed, the 
control unit alters the ignition timing and the fuel 
injection amount to achieve optimum engine effi- 
ciency.

 

The control unit incorporates a self diagnosis 

mode which stores and displays codes relating to 
certain system malfunctions. Whenever power is sup- 
plied to the control unit, the control unit performs a

 

 

View  of the   1.8  liter  engine  showing  the  engine   management components. 

Ensure that all fuel connections are securely tightened

.