Freelander 1. Manual - part 3

GENERAL INFORMATION

03-3

Brake hydraulics
Observe the following recommendations when
working on the brake system:

Always use two spanners when loosening or
tightening brake pipe or hose connections.

Ensure that hoses run in a natural curve and are
not kinked or twisted.

Fit brake pipes securely in their retaining clips
and ensure that the pipe run cannot contact a
potential chafing point.

Containers used for hydraulic brake fluid must
be kept absolutely clean.

Do not store hydraulic brake fluid in an unsealed
container, it will absorb water and in this
condition would be dangerous to use due to a
lowering of its boiling point.

Do not allow hydraulic brake fluid to be
contaminated with mineral oil, or put new
hydraulic brake fluid in a container which has
previously contained mineral oil.

Do not re-use hydraulic brake fluid previously
removed from the system.

Always use clean brake fluid or a recommended
alternative to clean hydraulic components.

Fit a blanking cap to a hydraulic union and a
plug to its socket, immediately after
disconnection of pipes and hoses to prevent the
ingress of dirt.

Absolute cleanliness must be observed when
working with hydraulic components.

It is imperative that the correct brake fittings are
used and that threads of components are
compatible.

Cooling system caps and plugs
Extreme care is necessary when removing engine
cooling system expansion tank caps and coolant
drain or bleed screws when the engine is hot, and
especially if it is overheated.

To avoid the possibility of scalding allow the engine
to cool before attempting coolant cap or plug
removal.

Environmental Precautions

General
This section provides general information which can
help to reduce adverse environmental impacts
incurred through the activities carried out in
workshops.

Emissions to air
Many of the activities that are carried out in
workshops emit gases and fumes which contribute to
global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and/or
the formation of photo-chemical smog at ground
level. By considering and controlling how the
workshop activities are carried out, these gases and
fumes can be minimised, thus reducing the damage
to the environment.

Exhaust fumes
Running car engines is an essential part of workshop
activities and exhaust fumes need to be ventilated to
atmosphere. However, the amount of time engines
are running and the position of the vehicle should be
carefully considered at all times, to reduce the
release of poisonous gases and minimise the
inconvenience to people living nearby.

Solvents
Some of the cleaning agents used are solvent based
and will evaporate to atmosphere if used carelessly,
or if cans are left unsealed. All solvent containers
should be firmly closed when not needed and solvent
should be used sparingly. Suitable alternative
materials may be available to replace some of the
commonly used solvents. Similarly, many paints are
solvent based and the spray should be minimised to
reduce solvent emissions.

Refrigerant
It is illegal to release any refrigerants into the
atmosphere. Discharge and replacement of these
materials from air conditioning units should only be
carried out using the correct equipment.

GENERAL INFORMATION

03-4

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

Engines –

don't leave engines running unnecessarily;

minimise testing times and check where the
exhaust fumes are being blown.

Materials –

keep lids on containers of solvents;

only use the minimum quantity;

consider alternative materials;

minimise over-spray when painting.

Gases –

use the correct equipment for collecting
refrigerants;

don't burn rubbish on site.

Discharges to water
Most sites will have two systems for discharging
water: storm drains and foul drains. Storm drains
should only receive clean water, foul drains will take
dirty water.

The foul drain will accept many of the normal waste
waters such as washing water, detergents and
domestic type wastes, but oil, petrol, solvent, acids,
hydraulic oil, antifreeze and other such substances
should never be poured down the drain. If in any
doubt, speak to the local Water Company first.

Every precaution must be taken to prevent spillage of
oil, fuel, solvents etc. reaching the drains. All
handling of such materials must take place well away
from the drains and preferably in an area with a kerb
or wall around it, to prevent discharge into the drain.
If a spillage occurs, it should be soaked up
immediately. Having a spill kit available will make this
easier.

Additional precautions
Check whether the surface water drains are
connected to an oil/water separator, this could
reduce the pollution if an incident was to occur. Oil/
water separators require regular maintenance to
ensure effectiveness.

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

Disposal –

never pour anything down a drain without first
checking that it is environmentally safe to do so,
and that it does not contravene any local
regulations or bye-laws;

have oil traps emptied regularly.

Spillage prevention –

store liquids in a walled area;

make sure the taps on liquid containers are
secure and cannot be accidentally turned on;

protect bulk storage tanks from vandalism by
locking the valves;

transfer liquids from one container to another in
an area away from open drains;

ensure lids are replaced securely on containers;

have spill kits available near to points of storage
and handling of liquids.

Spill kits
Special materials are available to absorb a number of
different substances. They can be in granular form,
ready to use and bought in convenient containers for
storage. Disposal of used spill-absorbing material is
dealt with in the 'Waste Management' section.

Land contamination
Oils, fuels and solvents etc. can contaminate any soil
that they are allowed to contact. Such materials
should never be disposed of by pouring onto soil and
every precaution must be taken to prevent spillage
reaching soil. Waste materials stored on open
ground could also leak, or have polluting substances
washed off them that would contaminate the land.
Always store these materials in suitable skips or
other similarly robust containers.

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

don't pour or spill anything onto the soil or bare
ground;

don't store waste materials on bare ground, see
'Spillage prevention' list.

Legal compliance
Some sites may have a discharge consent for
effluent discharge to the foul drain for a car wash etc.
It is important to know what materials are allowed in
the drain and to check the results of any monitoring
carried out by the Water Company.

Where paint spraying operations are carried out it
may be necessary to apply to the Local Authority for
an air emissions licence to operate the plant. If such
a licence is in operation, additional precautions will
be necessary to comply with the requirements, and
the results of any air quality monitoring must be
checked regularly.

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

know what legal consents and licences apply to
the operations;

check that the emissions and discharges
comply with legal requirements.

GENERAL INFORMATION

03-5

Local issues
A number of environmental issues will be of
particular concern to residents and other neighbours
close to the site. The sensitivity of these issues will
depend on the proximity of the site and the layout
and amount of activity carried on at the site.

Noise is a major concern and therefore consideration
should be given to the time spent carrying out noisy
activities and the location of those activities that can
cause excessive noise.

Car alarm testing, panel beating, hammering and
other such noisy activities should, whenever
possible, be carried out indoors with doors and
windows shut, or as far away from houses as
possible.

Running vehicle engines may be an outside activity
which could cause nuisance to neighbours because
of both noise and smell.

Be sensitive to the time of day when these activities
are carried out and minimise the time of the noisy
operation, particularly in the early morning and late
evening.

Another local concern will be the smell from the
various materials used. Using less solvent, paint and
petrol could help prevent this annoyance.

Local residents and other business users will also be
concerned about traffic congestion, noise and
exhaust fumes, be sensitive to these concerns and
try to minimise inconvenience from deliveries,
customers and servicing operations.

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

identify where the neighbours who are likely to
be affected are situated;

minimise noise, smells and traffic nuisance;

prevent litter by putting waste in the correct
containers;

have waste skips emptied regularly.

Use of resource
Another environmental concern is the waste of
materials and energy that can occur in day to day
activities.

Electricity for heating, lighting and compressed air
uses resources and releases pollution during its
generation.

Fuel used for heating, running cars or vans and
mobile plant is another limited resource which
consumes large amounts of energy during its
extraction and refining processes.

Water has to be cleaned, piped to site and disposed
of, all of which creates more potential pollution;

Oil, spares, paint etc., have all produced pollution in
the process of manufacture and they become a
waste disposal problem if discarded.

Checklist
Always adhere to the following:

Electricity and heating –

keep doors and windows closed in the winter;

switch off machinery or lights when not needed;

use energy efficient heating systems;

switch off computers and photocopiers when
not needed.

Fuel –

don't run engines unnecessarily;

think about whether journeys are necessary and
drive to conserve fuel.

Water –

don't leave taps and hose pipes running;

mend leaks quickly, don't be wasteful.

Compressed air –

don't leave valves open;

mend leaks quickly;

don't leave the compressor running when not
needed.

Use of environmentally damaging materials –

check whether a less toxic material is available.

Handling and storage of materials –

have the correct facilities available for handling
liquids to prevent spillage and wastage as listed
above;

provide suitable locations for storage to prevent
frost damage or other deterioration.

Waste Management
One of the major ways that pollution can be reduced
is by the careful handling, storage and disposal of all
waste materials that occur on sites. Legislation
makes it illegal to dispose of waste materials other
than to licensed waste carriers and disposal sites.
This means that it is necessary to not only know what
the waste materials are, but also to have the
necessary documentation and licenses.

Handling and storage of waste
Ensure that waste materials are not poured down the
drain or onto soils. They should be stored in such a
way as to prevent the escape of material to land,
water or air.

They must also be segregated into different types of
waste e.g. oil, metals, batteries, used vehicle
components. This will prevent any reaction between
different materials and assist in disposal.

GENERAL INFORMATION

03-6

Disposal of waste
Disposal of waste materials must only be to waste
carriers who are licensed to carry those particular
waste materials and all the necessary
documentation must be completed. The waste
carrier is responsible for ensuring that the waste is
taken to the correct disposal sites.

Dispose of waste in accordance with the following
guidelines:

Fuel, hydraulic fluid, anti-freeze and oil –
keep separate and dispose of to specialist
contractor.

Refrigerant – collect using specialist
equipment and containers, and reuse.

Detergents – safe to pour down the foul drain
if diluted.

Paint, thinners – keep separate and dispose of
to specialist contractor.

Components – send back to supplier for
refurbishment, or disassemble and reuse any
suitable parts. Dispose of the remainder in
ordinary waste.

Small parts – reuse any suitable parts, dispose
of the remainder in ordinary waste.

Metals – can be sold if kept separate from
general waste.

Tyres – keep separate and dispose of to
specialist contractor.

Packaging – compact as much as possible and
dispose of in ordinary waste.

Asbestos-containing – keep separate and
dispose of to specialist contractor.

Oily and fuel wastes (e.g. rags, used spill kit
material) – keep separate and dispose of to
specialist contractor.

Air filters – keep separate and dispose of to
specialist contractor.

Rubber/plastics – dispose of in ordinary
waste.

Hoses – dispose of in ordinary waste.

Batteries – keep separate and dispose of to
specialist contractor.

Airbags (explosives) – keep separate and
dispose of to specialist contractor.

Electrical components – send back to
supplier for refurbishment, or disassemble and
reuse any suitable parts. Dispose of the
remainder in ordinary waste.

Electronic components – send back to
supplier for refurbishment, or disassemble and
reuse any suitable parts. Dispose of the
remainder in ordinary waste.

Catalysts – can be sold if kept separate from
general waste.

Used spill-absorbing material – keep
separate and dispose of to specialist contractor.

Office waste – recycle paper and toner/ink
cartridges, dispose of the remainder in ordinary
waste.

Content .. 1 2 3 4 ..