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The impeller, which is driven by the engine, imparts a circular flow to the transmission fluid in the converter. This transmission fluid strikes the turbine wheel, which causes the flow to change its direction. The transmission fluid flows out of the turbine wheel close to the hub and strikes the stator, where its direction is changed again to a direction suitable for re-entering the impeller. The change in direction at the stator generates a torque reaction that increases the torque reaching the turbine. The ratio between turbine and impeller torque is referred to as torque multiplication or conversion. The greater the difference in speeds of rotation at the impeller and turbine, the greater the increase in torque; The maximum increase is obtained when the turbine wheel is stationary. When the turbine wheel is rotating at about 85 % of the impeller speed, torque conversion reverts to 1, that is to say torque at the turbine wheel is no higher than the torque at the The stator, which is prevented from rotating backwards by a freewheel and the shaft in the transmission housing, runs freely in the transmission fluid flow and overruns the freewheel. Torque converter
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