OPERATION
The microprocessor-based EMIC hardware and software uses various inputs to control the gauges and indicators
visible on the face of the cluster. Some of these inputs are hard wired, but most are in the form of electronic mes-
sages that are transmitted by other electronic modules over the Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus. (Refer to
8 - ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES/COMMUNICATION - OPERATION).
The EMIC microprocessor smooths the input data using algorithms to provide gauge readings that are accurate,
stable and responsive to operating conditions. These algorithms are designed to provide gauge readings during
normal operation that are consistent with customer expectations. However, when abnormal conditions exist such as
high coolant temperature, the algorithm can drive the gauge pointer to an extreme position and the microprocessor
can sound a chime through the on-board audible tone transducer to provide distinct visual and audible indications of
a problem to the vehicle operator. The EMIC may also produce audible warnings for other electronic modules in the
vehicle based upon electronic tone request messages received over the CAN data bus. Each audible warning is
intended to provide the vehicle operator with an audible alert to supplement a visual indication.
The EMIC circuitry operates on battery current received through a fused B(+) fuse on a non-switched fused B(+)
circuit, and on battery current received through a fused ignition switch output (run-start) fuse on a fused ignition
switch output (run-start) circuit. This arrangement allows the EMIC to provide some features regardless of the igni-
tion switch position, while other features will operate only with the ignition switch in the On or Start positions. The
EMIC circuitry is grounded through a ground circuit of the instrument panel wire harness.
The EMIC also has a self-diagnostic actuator test capability (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/INSTRUMENT CLUSTER -
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING), which will test each of the CAN bus message-controlled functions of the cluster by
lighting the appropriate indicators, positioning the gauge needles at several predetermined calibration points across
the gauge faces, and illuminating all segments of the odometer/trip odometer and gear selector indicator Vacuum-
Fluorescent Display (VFD) units.
GAUGES
All gauges receive battery current through the EMIC circuitry only when the ignition switch is in the On or Start
positions. With the ignition switch in the Off position battery current is not supplied to any gauges, and the EMIC
circuitry is programmed to move all of the gauge needles back to the low end of their respective scales. Therefore,
the gauges do not accurately indicate any vehicle condition unless the ignition switch is in the On or Start positions.
All of the EMIC gauges are air core magnetic units. Two fixed electromagnetic coils are located within each gauge.
These coils are wrapped at right angles to each other around a movable permanent magnet. The movable magnet
is suspended within the coils on one end of a pivot shaft, while the gauge needle is attached to the other end of the
shaft. One of the coils has a fixed current flowing through it to maintain a constant magnetic field strength. Current
flow through the second coil changes, which causes changes in its magnetic field strength. The current flowing
through the second coil is changed by the EMIC circuitry in response to messages received over the CAN data bus.
The gauge needle moves as the movable permanent magnet aligns itself to the changing magnetic fields created
around it by the electromagnets.
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE GAUGE
This gauge is controlled by the instrument cluster circuit board based upon cluster programming and electronic mes-
sages received by the cluster from the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) over the Controller Area Network (CAN)
data bus.
The engine coolant temperature gauge is an air core magnetic unit that receives battery current on the instrument
cluster electronic circuit board through the fused ignition switch output (run-start) circuit whenever the ignition switch
is in the On or Start positions. The cluster is programmed to move the gauge needle back to the low end of the
scale after the ignition switch is turned to the Off position. The instrument cluster circuitry controls the gauge needle
position and provides the following features:
•
Engine Temperature Message - Each time the cluster receives a message from the PCM indicating the
engine coolant temperature is between the low end of normal [about 54° C (130° F)] and the high end of
normal [about 122° C (252° F)], the gauge needle is moved to the actual relative temperature position on the
gauge scale.
•
Engine Temperature Low Message - Each time the cluster receives a message from the PCM indicating the
engine coolant temperature is below the low end of normal [about 54° C (130° F)], the gauge needle is held
at the “C” increment at low end of the gauge scale. The gauge needle remains at the low end of the gauge
8J - 52
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER - SERVICE INFORMATION
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