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T11 Service Manual Chassis System
Mount according to manufacturer's specification.
2. Inspect and Adjust Caster Angle, Camber Angle, Front Wheel Toe-in Angle and Steering angle The front wheel alignment specification is described as below: King pin caster angle
2 0 50’ ±1 0
Front wheel camber angle -0.85 0 ±1 0
Front wheel toe-in (for single wheel) ±5’ King pin inclination angle 11 0 30’ ±1 0
Max. steering angle of inner wheel 37 0
Max. steering angle of outer wheel 31.2 0
1) Caster angle Caster angle is secured by structural design; therefore, it is unnecessary to be adjusted during operation. The Effect of Caster Angle The major function of caster angle is to keep the vehicle driving straight forward. If the caster angle is positive, when turning the front wheel, the vehicle inner side will descend downward and the chassis will consequently ascend. Therefore, the load will be increased and transferred onto steering knuckle. If the caster angle of the two wheels is identical, the vehicle will go back to the direction of straight forward after steering. Increasing positive caster angle will enhance the stability of steering wheel. However, the steering force will increase as well. Reducing positive caster angle will reduce the stability of steering wheel. However, the steering force will be reduced. The caster angle will not affect tire wear, and it is used to stabilize the driving direction and ensure automatic straight returning back to the center when steering. If the vehicle is equipped with a conventional mechanical steering system, the caster angle is usually very small, sometimes even tends to negative value, thus make steering easier. If the vehicle is equipped with power steering device, a larger positive angle is usually set to make the driver feel well when steering. Increasing positive caster angle will result in an increase of steering force as well as increase of vehicle stability when driving forward. 2) Camber angle Under normal conditions, it is unnecessary to adjust camber angle after assembling independent suspension and wheel steering knuckle. If the wheel camber deviates from tolerance limit due to some other reasons, it shall be calibrated via connecting bolt that joins the independent suspension and the steering knuckle.
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