F16C/D (BLOCKS 50 AND 52+). FLIGHT MANUAL (15 OCTOBER 2002) - page 60

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

88Change 1

Visual Signals (Cont)

INDICATION

SIGNAL

BOOM AIR REFUELING

PROBE & DROGUE 

REFUELING

8. (a). (DAY): Same receiver re

turns to precontact with re

ceptacle door open. Pilot sig

nals closed fist, thumb to

mouth, plus hand signaling

number 

****(NIGHT): Same receiver

returns to precontact with re

ceptacle door open, ready for

contact

Additional fuel required

EMCON 24

(b). (DAY): Same receiver re

turns to precontact, ready for

contact. Pilot signals closed

fist plus hand signaling num

ber

****(NIGHT): Same receiver

returns to precontact, ready

for contact

Additional fuel required

EMCON 24

*Receiver(s) in the observation position will move to the precontact position in their briefed sequence only

after insuring that the boom is in the ready for contact position and the preceding receiver has cleared the

tanker. The receiver will stabilize in the precontact position, then move to the contact position. The boom

operator will not give the ready for contact signal until the preceding receiver has cleared the tanker.

**The receiver(s) will advise the tanker of any pilot director light malfunctions/deficiencies.

***If fuel shortage occurs at times other than scheduled air refueling, the receiver should be positioned so the

signal may be seen from the tanker cockpit.

****Additional fuel offloaded will be 5000 pounds for large receiver aircraft, or 2000 pounds for small receiver

aircraft, on each subsequent contact.

Figure 83. (Sheet 2)

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Change 189

1F-16X-1-8004X

VIEW LOOKING UP

NACELLE ILLUMINATION LIGHT 

TAXI LIGHT 

LANDING LIGHT

NAVIGATION/POSITION

UNDERWING ILLUMINATION

STROBE LIGHT

UNDERBODY ILLUMINATION 

TERRAIN LIGHT

RECEIVER PILOT DIRECTOR

BOOM MARKER

BOOM NOZZLE LIGHT

A/R FLOOD LIGHTS

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

DESIGNATES ADJUSTABLE LIGHTING

LIGHT

NAVIGATION/POSITION

LIGHT

NAVIGATION/POSITION

LIGHT

NAVIGATION/POSITION

LIGHT

STROBE LIGHT

NAVIGATION/POSITION

LIGHT

LIGHTS

LIGHTS

TAXI LIGHT 

LANDING LIGHT

LIGHT

(RETRACTABLE)

LIGHT

*

*

*

*

NAVIGATION/POSITION

LIGHT

*

Exterior Lighting (KC-135)

Figure 84. (Sheet 1)

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

810Change 1

1F-16X-1-8003X

FORMATION LIGHT

UARRSI FLOOD

ANTICOLLISION/RENDEZVOUS

FORMATION LIGHTS

ANTICOLLISION/RENDEZVOUS

FORMATION LIGHTS

HOSE

FWD POSITION

WING TIP ANTICOLLISION

UPPER FUSELAGE

FLOODLIGHTS

LOGO

NOZZLE

MARKER

FLOODLIGHT

RECEIVER AIRPLANE

FLOODLIGHTS

WING TIP

ANTICOLLISION

AFT POSITION

UNDERSIDE LIGHTS

AFT FUSELAGE

HORIZONTAL

STABILIZER

WING/ENGINE NACELLE SCANNING

DIRECTOR

LIGHTS

FORWARD

FUSELAGE

UNDERBODY

LIGHTS

NOTE:

THE INTENSITY OF ALL

EXTERIOR LIGHTING IS

ADJUSTABLE.

LEFT SIDE SHOWN

RIGHT SIDE SAME

WING

HOUSE SIGNAL

RECEIVER

AIRPLANE

FLOODLIGHTS

VIEW LOOKING UP

Exterior Lighting (KC-10/KDC-10)

Figure 84. (Sheet 2)

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Change 1811

KC135 aircraft in cell formation will set their strobe

lights according to their position in the refueling cell.

Their lighting is as follows:

D

Tanker Number 1

Upper and Lower Lights - RED

D

Tanker Number 2

Upper and Lower Lights - WHITE

D

Tanker Number 3

Upper Lights - RED

Lower Lights - WHITE

D

Tanker Number 4

Upper Lights - WHITE

Lower Lights - RED

Receiver Director Lights KC135

Refer to figure 85. The receiver director lights do not

give true vertical and horizontal information. The up

and down lights change because of angular

movement of the boom and the foreandaft lights

change because of inandout movements of the boom.

The axis of the director lights system is inclined at a

30 degree angle to the fuselage. This angle causes an

interaction in both lights when a true vertical or

horizontal movement is made by the receiver. For

example, flying straight forward while in contact will

cause the boom to compress and also increase its

angle with the tanker fuselage. The lights will show

that the aircraft is flying forward and down. If a true

up movement is made, the boom will both compress

and lessen its angle with the tanker fuselage and the

director lights will indicate that an up and forward

movement has been made. Small fore and aft

corrections can be made with little or no power change

by moving vertically.

Receiver director lights are on the bottom of the

fuselage directly aft of the nose landing gear. They

consist of two rows of lights: the left row for elevation

and the right row for telescoping. The elevation lights

consist of five colored panels with a green stripe,

green and red colors, and two illuminated letters, D

and U, for down and up respectively. The colored

panels are illuminated by lights that are controlled by

boom elevation during contact. There is an

illuminated white panel between each panel to serve

as a reference. The letters A, for aft, and F, for

forward, augment the colored panels on the telescope

side. The receiver pilot director lights will remain

illuminated and follow boom movements in both the

contact made and disconnect conditions. There are no

lights for azimuth position. A fluorescent yellow strip

on the bottom center of the tanker fuselage may be

used as centerline reference by the pilot. The

triangularshaped panels are for elevation and the

rectangularshaped panels are for forward and back

movement.

Receiver Director Lights KC10/KDC10

Refer to figure 85. The receiver director lights consist

of two rows of lights located forward of the wing root.

Relative elevation position is provided by the left row

and the right row provides telescoping position. The

elevation row contains one striped green, two amber

and two red triangular panels, and two white letters:

U at the forward end for UP, and D at the aft end for

DOWN. The colored panels and letters are dimly

illuminated by background lights. The telescoping

row contains one striped green, two amber, two red,

and four white rectangular panels, and two white

letters: A at the forward end for AFT, and F at the aft

end for FORWARD. The colored panels are not

background lighted; however, the letter at each end of

the row is dimly illuminated. Separation is provided

by the white panels. The pilot director lights are

adjusted by the boom operator to the size air refueling

envelope for each receiver and provide guidance

during contact.

To provide more response time, the appropriate panel

and letter are illuminated in anticipation of receiver

movement. The director lights provide commands

based on both receiver position and rate of movement.

Figure 85 shows the lights with no receiver motion.

With rapid motions of the receiver, the lights can

show a correction required even though the receiver

is in the center of the envelope. The red panel and

letter at the ends of each row can be illuminated by

the boom operator to aid the receiver in attaining the

contact position.

NAVIGATION AND POSITION REPORTING

When rendezvous is complete, tankers will be

responsible for all navigation, weather avoidance and

position reporting. The tanker pilot will, once each

hour, advise the receiver pilots of the cell geographic

position, heading, and distance and ETE to the next

checkpoint or destinations applicable. If the receiver

pilot has not completed his onload upon reaching his

geographic air refueling abort point, the tanker pilot

will so advise.

NOTE

During refueling operations conducted

within a preplanned orbit pattern, the

tanker is not required to provide the

above information unless requested by

the receiver leader.

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812Change 1

Post Air Refueling

Upon completion of air refueling, the tanker will

normally climb to the top and the receiver(s) will

descend to the bottom of the air refueling block. The

receivers should maneuver to the prescribed

formation position while awaiting post air refueling

report and further clearance. The tanker will give

post air refueling information to the receiver as

required. The receiver will advise the tanker of any

pilot director light malfunctions/deficiencies, e.g.,

lights intermittent, inoperative, dim, dirty, etc. Upon

termination of air refueling, all exterior lights will be

as directed.

Receiver will insure a safe clearance

from the tanker(s) as they proceed on

their assigned missions. Receiver(s)

required to accelerate past the tanker(s)

and climb on the refueling heading will

maneuver either left or right (a

minimum of 1 NM) of track to preclude

climbing directly in front of the

tanker(s) remaining receiver(s). Air

craft flying through departing receivers'

jet wash may experience damage to the

aircraft and injury to personnel.

FLYING SAFETY

BOOM ENVELOPE LIMITS

Refer to figure 86. The refueling envelope is limited

by the refueling receptacle location. As long as the

receiver is positioned within these limits, contact can

be maintained despite rolling, yawing, or pitching.

F

Approaching boom limits at a relatively

high velocity can cause structural

damage as a result of an inability to

disconnect due to binding of the boom

nozzle.

F

Due to the restricted refueling envelope,

boom limit switch protection is not

provided in up elevation.

NOTE

The boom operator will disconnect at 25

degrees elevation (upper envelope limit).

In this position, a green DOWN arrow

will be illuminated.

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Change 1813

RECEIVER DIRECTOR LIGHTS

ILLUMINATION PROFILE (KC-135)

XX1F-16A-1-0162X

Figure 85. (Sheet 1)

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814Change 1

RECEIVER DIRECTOR LIGHTS (KC-10/KDC-10)

XX1F-16A-1-0163X

Figure 85. (Sheet 2)

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Change 1815

1F-16X-1-8002X

RIGHT AZIMUTH LIMIT

LEFT AZIMUTH LIMIT

UP ELEVATION LIMIT

6 FT EXTENDED

INNER LIMIT

18 FT EXTENDED

OUTER LIMIT

40

DOWN ELEVATION LIMIT

20

10

10

Boom Envelope Limits (KC-135)

Figure 86. (Sheet 1)