F16C/D (BLOCKS 50 AND 52+). FLIGHT MANUAL (15 OCTOBER 2002) - page 9

 

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F16C/D (BLOCKS 50 AND 52+). FLIGHT MANUAL (15 OCTOBER 2002) - page 9

 

 

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

156

At 1.4 mach and greater, the minimum thrust level is

near MIL even though the throttle may be retarded

below MIL. Typically, the minimum thrust level

decreases with mach number between 1.41.1 mach.

At IDLE and while decelerating through 1.1 mach,

the engine decelerates to normal inflight idle thrust.

Reduced speed excursion (RSE) logic is activated

during engine deceleration to idle speed above 0.6

mach. RSE results in a higher inflight idle rpm offset

by a greater nozzle opening than normal inflight idle.

Idle thrust changes from inflight idle to approach

idle between 0.50.6 mach, resulting in an engine rpm

change of approximately 10 percent. Slightly more

time is required to accelerate the engine from

approach

 

idle thrust when airspeed is below 0.5

mach.

Idle thrust changes from approach idle to ground idle

between 8090 knots and results in reduced engine

rpm of approximately 2 percent. This change occurs

during the landing roll to achieve desired ground idle

thrust levels for taxi.

While VSV reset is active, idle rpm is 23 percent

higher than normal.

A high frequency vibration may be felt through the

cockpit floor, ejection seat, and/or rudder pedals as a

result of aircraft structural response to normal

engine operation. The vibration is most noticeable

with the aircraft in a clean configuration with

reduced fuel loads at lower airspeeds when the engine

is operating near MIL thrust or above. This vibration

has no adverse effect on the engine or aircraft.

AB Operation 

129

GE

Refer to figure 117 for AB operational characteris

tics. During AB operation, FTIT, rpm, and oil

pressure vary with altitude and airspeed. NOZ POS

indications during minimum AB operation should be

between 717 percent open and for MAX AB

operation, between 4070 percent open. The engine

has a reduced AB region of operation (at high

altitudes and low airspeeds) and commands a

decrease in AB fuel flow to prevent AB instabilities.

The NOZ POS indicator indicates approximately

3050 percent open during this reduced AB operation.

When AB operation is first initiated, the exhaust

nozzle preopens up to 10 percent more than MIL

exhaust nozzle position to increase stall margin

during AB lightoff. Fuel flow and exhaust nozzle

area are held at minimum AB levels until the flame

detector determines that lightoff (within 5 seconds

(greater than 40

_

F) or 10 seconds (40

_

F or less) of AB

selection) has occurred. Once AB lightoff occurs, fuel

flow and exhaust nozzle area increase to the

requested AB level with a corresponding increase in

thrust. If AB blowout occurs, the autorelight feature

attempts to reinitiate AB without throttle movement.

During AB operation at or above 45,000 feet, a mild

AB rumble may be felt through the pilot seat. The

rumble does not impact engine operation and should

not be considered abnormal.

Inlet Thump 

129

GE

An inlet thump is an airflowrelated phenomenon

which may occur occasionally during PRI operation

below 25,000 feet and below 500 knots when the

throttle is retarded from MIL. The thump is the result

of airflow changes within the aircraft inlet.

A thump can be heard or can be felt through the

cockpit floor, ejection seat, and/or rudder pedals. The

intensity can vary greatly, ranging from a barely

perceptible sound or impulse to a louder and/or

harder occurrence which may be quite noticeable.

Thumps do not affect engine or aircraft operation.

SEC Operation 

129

GE

The engine can automatically transfer to SEC when

a DEC failure occurs. It can manually be transferred

to SEC by placing the ENG CONT switch to SEC.

Transfer is indicated by the illumination of the SEC

caution light; rpm may also initially decrease (up to

10 percent rpm) and then recover to a level slightly

below that for PRI. When operating in SEC, the

nozzle is closed.

Refer to ENGINE LIMITATIONS, Section V for

throttle restrictions while operating in SEC.

Movement of the throttle to MAX AB is permitted;

however, since the AB is inhibited, maximum

available thrust in SEC is attained at MIL. The

thrust level at MIL during SEC operation is 7095

percent of that available during PRI operation at the

same throttle position. Idle thrust in SEC is higher

than idle thrust in PRI because the exhaust nozzle is

closed. VSV reset is not active in SEC.

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

157

REGION 2

REGION 1

AL

TITUDE   1000 FEET

0.0

MACH NUMBER

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1F-16X-1-4007X

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.4

1.8

2.2

AB    Light-Off Characteristics

ENGINE F110-GE-129

Regions 1 and 2   Unrestricted throttle movement. AB blowouts should not occur.

Region 1   Normal AB light-offs are expected.

Region 2   No lights or delayed lights accompanied by nozzle fluctuations indicating recycling

of AB initiation are possible.

NOTES:

Figure 117.

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

158

FIRE AND OVERHEAT DETECTION

SYSTEM

The fire and overheat detection system consists of two

separate parallel loop sensing systems, one for fire

and the other for overheat. The fire detection loops

are routed through the engine compartment. The

overheat detection loops are routed through the

engine compartment, MLG wheel wells, ECS bay, and

EPU bay. Activation of the overheat detection loops

occurs approximately 100

_

C below the activation

temperature of the fire detection loops. The fire

warning signal causes the ENG FIRE warning light

to illuminate. The overheat signal causes the

OVERHEAT caution light to illuminate. When the

temperature of the element drops below the critical

temperatures, the signal ceases, allowing the ENG

FIRE warning or the OVERHEAT caution light to go

off. The detection circuit is powered by emergency ac

bus No. 2 and battery bus No. 2.

FIRE & OHEAT DETECT TEST BUTTON 

C

 

DF

Refer to figure 118. The FIRE & OHEAT DETECT

test button, located on the TEST switch panel,  checks

continuity of both systems and illuminates the ENG

FIRE warning light and the OVERHEAT caution

light and provides a CSFDR special event data save

if depressed in flight.

FUEL SYSTEM

Refer to figure 119 for a simplified system diagram

and figures 120 and 121 for system schematics. The

fuel system is divided into seven functional

categories. These are the fuel tank system, fuel

transfer system, fuel tank vent and pressurization

system, engine fuel supply system, fuel quantity/fuel

level sensing system, fuel tank explosion suppression

system, and refueling/defueling system.

FUEL TANK SYSTEM

Refer to figure 122 for tank locations and capacities.

The aircraft has seven internal fuel tanks located in

the fuselage and wings that are integral to the

structure. There are provisions for carrying three

external tanks on the wings and the centerline

station 

PX III

 and for mounting two Conformal Fuel

Tanks (CFT's) to the upper surface of the aircraft.

CFT fuel is considered internal fuel. Five of the

internal tanks are storage tanks:  the left and right

TEST Switch Panel

      (Typical)

C DF

GR1F-16CJ-1-0023X37

4

5

3

1

2

6

7

8

MAL & IND LTS Test Button

OXY QTY Indicator Test Switch

FLCS PWR TEST Switch

    STICK CONTROL Switch

PROBE HEAT Switch

EPU/GEN Test Switch

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

FLCS PWR Lights (Green)

DF

FIRE & OHEAT DETECT Test Button

8.

Figure 118.

wing tanks, two forward fuselage tanks (F1 and F2),

and the aft fuselage tank (A1). The two internal

reservoir tanks (forward and aft) supply fuel directly

to the engine. 

D

 The F1 fuel tank is reduced in size

to allow room for the rear cockpit.

FUEL TRANSFER SYSTEM

Fuel is transferred by two independent methods. The

primary method provides a siphoning action through

standpipes connecting the fuel tanks. Siphoning

action depends on the absence of air in the bays

receiving fuel. Air ejectors in each reservoir tank

automatically expel air. In case of failure of the

siphoning system, powered fuel pumps work

continually to pump fuel from the internal tanks to

the reservoirs. The powered transfer system also

scavenges tanks to minimize unusable fuel by using

electrically driven pumps and pumps powered by

bleed fuel pressure from the engine manifold. Both

methods operate simultaneously and independently

to transfer fuel through the system.

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

159

RIGHT WING TANK

7

3

4

2

F-2

1

F-1

6

5

LEFT WING TANK

A-1

HYD

A

TO

ENGINE

CENTERLINE

FUEL TANK

RIGHT EXTERNAL

FUEL TANK

FWD

RSVR

AFT RSVR

AR RECEPTACLE

GROUND

REFUELING

LEFT EXTERNAL

FUEL TANK

MAIN GEN CSD

ADG

FUEL FLOW

TRANSMITTER

MAIN

FUEL SHUT-

OFF VALVE

FUEL/OIL HEAT

EXCHANGER

STANDPIPE OPENING AT TOP OF TANK
STANDPIPE OPENING AT BOTTOM OF TANK

FUEL TANK CONNECTING STANDPIPE

TRANSFER PUMP (FUEL PRESSURE DRIVEN)

TRANSFER PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

BOOST PUMP PRESS

FUEL TRANSFER

AFT/LEFT FUEL TANK SYSTEM

FWD/RIGHT FUEL TANK SYSTEM

EXTERNAL FUEL TANK

TRANSFER/REFUEL PRESSURIZATION

REFUEL/TRANSFER

DISCONNECT

TRANSFER SHUTOFF VALVE

FUEL FLOW DIRECTION

OR

T

LEGEND:

GR1F-16CJ-1-0024A37

Fuel Tank System (Typical)

FUEL FLOW

PROPORTIONER

HYD

B

BOOST PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

REFUEL SHUTOFF VALVE

This is a simplified     diagram. Not all fuel system

items are shown (crossfeed, motive flow, etc). Refer

to FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC for details.

T

T

ELECTRICAL

NOTE:

C

RECEPTACLE

PX II

Figure 119. (Sheet 1)

Figure 119. (Sheet 2)

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

160

RIGHT WING TANK

7

3

4

2

F-2

1

F-1

6

5

LEFT WING TANK

A-1

HYD

A

TO

ENGINE

CENTERLINE

FUEL TANK

RIGHT EXTERNAL

FUEL TANK

FWD

RSVR

AFT RSVR

AR RECEPTACLE

GROUND

REFUELING

LEFT EXTERNAL

FUEL TANK

MAIN GEN CSD

ADG

FUEL FLOW

TRANSMITTER

MAIN

FUEL SHUT-

OFF VALVE

FUEL/OIL HEAT

EXCHANGER

STANDPIPE OPENING AT TOP OF TANK
STANDPIPE OPENING AT BOTTOM OF TANK

FUEL TANK CONNECTING STANDPIPE

TRANSFER PUMP (FUEL PRESSURE DRIVEN)

TRANSFER PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

BOOST PUMP PRESS

FUEL TRANSFER

AFT/LEFT FUEL TANK SYSTEM

FWD/RIGHT FUEL TANK SYSTEM

EXTERNAL FUEL TANK

TRANSFER/REFUEL PRESSURIZATION

REFUEL/TRANSFER

DISCONNECT

TRANSFER SHUTOFF VALVE

FUEL FLOW DIRECTION

OR

T

LEGEND:

GR1F-16CJ-1-1024X37

Fuel Tank System (Typical)

FUEL FLOW

PROPORTIONER

HYD

B

BOOST PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

REFUEL SHUTOFF VALVE

This is a simplified     diagram. Not all fuel system

items are shown (crossfeed, motive flow, etc). Refer

to FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC for details.

T

T

ELECTRICAL

NOTE:

C

RECEPTACLE

PX III

LEFT CFT

RIGHT CFT

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

161

The transfer system is divided into two separate tank

systems, the forward and the aft. The forward system

consists of the right external tank (if installed), 

PX III

right CFT (if installed), right internal wing tank, F1,

F2, and the forward reservoir. The aft system

consists of the left external tank (if installed), 

PX III

left CFT (if installed), left internal wing tank, A1,

and the aft reservoir. If a centerline tank is installed,

it is considered to be part of both forward and aft

systems. The wing external tanks empty into the

respective internal wing tanks. 

PX III

 The right CFT

transfers into the right internal wing tank, and the

left CFT transfers into the left internal wing tank.

Fuel flows from the internal wing tanks to the fuselage

tanks and then to the forward and aft reservoirs. Fuel

is pumped to the engine from the reservoirs. To

automatically maintain the CG, fuel is transferred

through the forward and aft systems simultaneously.

PX III

 The CFT fuel system gravity feeds fuel to the

internal wing tanks. Primary fuel transfer is by

siphon/air pressure transfer from the CFT to the

internal wing. CFT's will empty prior to the internal

wing tanks.

If external tanks are installed, air pressure transfers

fuel to the internal wing tanks. If the EXT FUEL

TRANS switch is in NORM, the sequence of fuel flow

is from the centerline tank to the internal wing tanks.

After the centerline tank empties, each external wing

tank flows to its respective internal wing tank. The

external tank fuel transfer valve in each internal

wing tank shuts off fuel to prevent overfilling the

internal tanks. If one of these valves fails, a float

switch senses fuel and shuts off all external tank fuel

transfer before fuel flows overboard. By placing the

EXT FUEL TRANS switch to WING FIRST, the

external wing tanks empty before the centerline tank,

and the float switch does not prevent fuel from

spilling overboard if a transfer valve fails.

PX III

 When using CFT's and external tanks,

selection of the EXT FUEL TRANS switch to CFT

FIRST/NO FILL will deplete the CFT's prior to the

external tanks. After the CFT's deplete, the transfer

sequence of the external tanks will be centerline first,

followed by the external wing tanks. When using

CFT's and external tanks, selection of the EXT FUEL

TRANS switch to NORM or WING FIRST will allow

air pressure transfer of fuel from the external tanks

into the internal wing tanks, keeping the CFT's and

the internal wing tanks full. The sequence of external

tank transfer will be as described in the previous

paragraph on external tank transfer. When external

fuel has transferred, CFT fuel will begin to transfer.

The automatic forward fuel transfer system supple

ments the function of the FFP by preventing

undesirable aft CG. The system operates only when the

FUEL QTY SEL knob is in NORM and the total

forward fuselage fuel quantity indication is less than

2800(

D

 1500)pounds. In the 

C

, forward fuel

transfer starts when the forward heavy fuel differential

drops below 300 pounds and stops when the forward

heavy fuel differential reaches 450 pounds. In the 

D

,

forward fuel transfer starts when the aft heavy

differential exceeds 900 pounds and stops when the aft

heavy fuel differential reaches 750 pounds. This system

does not correct a forward fuel imbalance since it only

transfers fuel from aft to forward.
For proper operation, the automatic forward fuel

transfer system depends on a properly functioning

fuel quantity indicating system. Fuel is transferred

through a solenoidoperated trim valve powered from

emergency dc bus No. 2. The automatic system is

deactivated if electrical power is lost through failure,

by moving the FUEL QTY SEL knob out of NORM, or

during gravity feed conditions.

FUEL TANK VENT AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM

The fuel tank vent and pressurization system supplies

cooled pressurized air from the ECS to force fuel from

the external tanks to the internal wing tanks and to

power the air ejector pumps whenever the AIR

SOURCE knob is in NORM or DUMP. It also prevents

fuel in internal tanks from vaporizing at high altitude.

An external tank vent and pressurization valve

regulates pressure supplied to the external tanks.
If the combat schedule (reduced pressure) is activated

by the TANK INERTING switch, Halon, if available,

is mixed with air and the internal tank vent and

pressurization valve controls the pressure.
If the AIR SOURCE knob is placed in OFF or RAM or

if the ECS is inoperative, tank pressurization is not

available and external fuel cannot be transferred.
With multiple generator failures, fuel tank pressur

ization continues and external fuel still transfers.

ENGINE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Refer to figure 123 for fuel system controls and

operation. When the ENG FEED knob is in NORM,

boost pumps in the forward and aft reservoirs pump

the fuel through the engine feedline to the fuel flow

proportioner (FFP). In the FFP, twin constant

displacement pumps, powered by hydraulic system A,

supply equal amounts of fuel from each reservoir to

maintain CG. Two fuel lines with check valves can

bypass the FFP in case it fails so that fuel flow will not

be interrupted. After fuel flows through the FFP, a

small amount of cooling fuel is routed to the 

PW 229

 

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

162

GR1F-16CJ-1-0026-1A37

E

D

C

B

A

4

3

2

1

T

T

FWD

RSVR

AFT

RSVR

FROM ECS

F-1

F-2

RIGHT

WING

LEFT

WING

**

*

6

7

**

HALON RSVR

*

Fuel System    (Typical)

C

TRANSFER

SWITCH

EXTERNAL TANK

(TYPICAL)

FUEL QTY

SEL PANEL

TANK

INERTING

SWITCH

FUEL

QUANTITY

INDICATOR

FLOAT

SWITCH

PX II

Figure 120.(Sheet 1)

T.O. GR1F16CJ1

163

GR1F-16CJ-1-0026-2X37

5

TRANSFER

TRIM

VALVE

AIR

REFUEL

SWITCH

LEGEND:

A-1

T

*

**

TRANSFER SHUTOFF VALVE

TRANSFER PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

BOOST PUMP (ELECTRICAL)

REFUEL SHUTOFF VALVE

SOLENOID VALVE

CROSSFEED VALVE

TRANSFER PUMP

(FUEL PRESSURE DRIVEN)

SUCTION FEED VALVE

DISCONNECT

FUEL EJECTOR PUMP

ELECTRIC MOTOR OPERATED

SHUTOFF VALVE
ORIFICE
CHECK VALVE

TO RIGHT WING EXT TANK

TO CENTERLINE TANK

HALON/AIR MIXING VALVE

EXT TANK VENT & PRESS VALVE

INT TANK VENT & PRESS VALVE

REMOTE SENSING PRESSURE

RELIEF VALVE

AR RECEPTACLE

A

B

C

D

E

OVERBOARD VENT
FUEL SUPPLY
BOOST PUMP PRESSURE
PUMP DRIVE PRESSURE

TANK INERTING PRESSURE

FUEL TRANSFER

TRANSFER/REFUEL

PRESSURIZATION

REFUEL/TRANSFER
ECS PRESSURIZATION SUPPLY

TRANSFER BLEED

TANK PRESSURIZATION

CAUTION LIGHTS

CAUTION LIGHT

TO JFS

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

GROUND COOLING RECEPTACLE

STANDPIPE OPENING AT TOP

OF TANK

STANDPIPE OPENING AT

BOTTOM OF TANK

FUEL TANK CONNECTING

STANDPIPE

ELECTRICAL

ENG FEED

KNOB

FUEL MASTER

SWITCH

FUEL/OIL

HOT

FWD

FUEL LOW

AFT

FUEL LOW

PUMP

DRIVE

PRESSURE

FROM

HYD

SYS A

FUEL FLOW

PROPORTIONER

FUEL FLOW

INDICATOR

FUEL FLOW

TRANSMITTER

TO ENGINE

GROUND REFUELING

RECEPTACLE

AR STATUS

INDICATOR

FUEL/OIL HEAT

EXCHANGER

DEC

Figure 120.(Sheet 2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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