|
|
because schematic representations of it often velocity error the final steady difference between a ramp setpoint and the process out- See also and velocity error constant a gain K v from which the velocity error e v is readily deter- mined. It is a concept that is useful in the de- e v = 1 K v and K v = lim s → ∞ sq(s) where q(s) is the transfer function model of the open loop system, including the con- and velocity filtering means for discriminat- ing signals from noise or other undesired sig- velocity flow field the velocity field cal- culated in optical flow computation. velocity manipulability ellipsoid an el- lipsoid that characterizes the end-effector ve- Consider a set of generalized joint veloc- ities ˙q of constant, unit norm ˙q T ˙q = 1. Tak- ing into account the differential kinematics v T (J J T ) −1 v = 1, which is the equation of the points on the velocity of light in vacuum, a constant equal to 2 .997928 × 10 8 meters/second. In other media, equal to the vacuum value di- velocity saturation a physical process in a semiconductor where the carrier velocity verification the process of proving that the implementation of hardware or software verification kit known impedance stan- dards traced to NIST, other than calibration Versa Module Europe bus (VME bus) a standardized processor backplane bus system vertical cavity laser semiconductor laser in which the electromagnetic fields propagate vertical deflection the direction of an en- tity is caused to move by some physical ac- vertical microinstruction a field that specifies one microcommand via its op code. c 2000 by CRC Press LLC |