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c 12 = a 11 b 12 + a 12 b 22 c 21 = a 21 b 11 + a 22 b 21 c 22 = a 21 b 12 + a 22 b 22 An optical implementation is as follows. Ma- b 12 , b 22 , b 11 , and b 21 are repre- sented by four vertical lines on a spatial light A is represented by a two- by-two source array. Two images of matrix b 12 and b 22 , another image of A covers lines b 11 and b 21 . Using two cylindri- cal lenses, light passing through the spatial 11 , c 12 , c 21 , and c 22 . Various optical ar- rangements for implementing matrix–matrix optical matrix-vector multiplication an operation performing matrix–vector multi- Y , whose elements are y 1 = w 11 x 1 + w 12 x 2 + w 13 x 3 y 2 = w 21 x 1 + w 22 x 2 + w 23 x 3 y 3 = w 31 x 1 + w 32 x 2 + w 33 x 3 A simple coherent optical processor to im- x 1 , x 2 , and x 3 are represented by the transmittance of three vertical lines on a first w 11 to w 33 . Two spatial light modulators are aligned such that the ver- x 1 covers three squares of w 11 , w 21 , w 31 , line x 2 covers w 12 , w 22 , w 32 , and line x 3 covers w 13 , w 23 , w 33 . The light passing the second spatial light modulator is focused by a w 11 x 1 , w 12 x 2 , and w 12 x 3 are summed up at a point on the fo- cal line of cylindrical lens. A detector placed y 1 . Two other de- tectors will provide y 2 and y 3 in a similar way. Various optical arrangements are pos- optical modulator device or system that modulates the amplitude or phase of an opti- optical multiplication multiplying oper- ation using light. A light beam has intensity- B, the intensity of transmitting light beam is AB. optical neural network optical processor implementing neural network models and al- z j = f X ji x i + θ j where z j is the output of the jth neuron, w ji is the interconnection weight between the ith input neuron and the jth neuron, x i is the in- put coming from the ith input neuron, θ j is the bias in the jth neuron, and f is a non- linear transfer function. Notice that z j and x i are binary. Nonlinear transfer function f could simply be a threshold function. The c 2000 by CRC Press LLC |