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Suzuki Grand Vitara JB419. Manual - part 6

Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-1

Engine

Engine General Information and Diagnosis

Precautions

Precautions on Engine Service

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CAUTION

The following information on engine service
should be noted carefully, as it is important in
preventing damage, and in contributing to
reliable engine performance.

• When raising or supporting engine for any reason, do

not use a jack under oil pan. Due to small clearance
between oil pan and oil pump strainer, jacking against
oil pan may cause it to be bent against strainer
resulting in damaged oil pick-up unit.

• It should be kept in mind, while working on engine,

that 12-volt electrical system is capable of violent and
damaging short circuits.
When performing any work where electrical terminals
could possibly be grounded, ground cable of the
battery should be disconnected at battery.

• Any time the air cleaner, air cleaner outlet hose,

turbocharger, intercooler, intercooler outlet hose or
intake manifold is removed, the intake opening should
be covered. This will protect against accidental
entrance of foreign material which could follow intake
passage into cylinder and cause extensive damage
when engine is started.

Precautions in Diagnosing Trouble

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• Don’t disconnect couplers from ECM, battery cable

from battery, ECM ground wire harness from engine
or main fuse before confirming diagnostic information
(DTC) stored in ECM memory.

• Diagnostic information stored in ECM memory can be

cleared as well as checked by using SUZUKI scan
tool or OBD generic scan tool. Before using scan tool,
read its Operator’s (Instruction) Manual carefully to
have good understanding as to what functions are
available and how to use it.

• Be sure to read “Precautions for Electrical Circuit

Service in Section 00 in related manual” before
inspection and observe what is written there.

• Replacement of the ECM

Before replacement of the ECM, save the data of
vehicle specification (injector calibration code, EGR /
Inlet throttle valve data register and Diesel PF data
register) into SUZUKI scan tool from ECM according
to procedure described in “Description of ECM
Registration in Section 1C”.

• ECM registration:

If ECM is replaced, register vehicle specification (fuel
injector calibration code, key verification code for
immobilizer system) into ECM referring to “Description
of ECM Registration in Section 1C”.

• Communication of ECM, BCM, combination meter,

ABS or ESP

® control module, immobilizer control

module and 4WD control module, is established by
CAN (Controller Area Network). (For more detail of
CAN communication for ECM, refer to “CAN
Communication System Description”).
Therefore, handle CAN communication line with care
referring to “Precaution for CAN Communication
System in Section 00 in related manual”.

• Immobilizer transponder code registration after

replacing ECM
When ECM is replaced with new one or with another
one, make sure to register immobilizer transponder
code to ECM correctly according to “Procedure after
ECM Replacement in Section 10C”.

1A-2 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:

General Description

Statement on Cleanliness and Care

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An automobile engine is a combination of many
machined, honed, polished and lapped surfaces with
tolerances that are measured in the thousands of an
millimeter (ten thousands of inch).
Accordingly, when any internal engine parts are
serviced, care and cleanliness are important.
It should be understood that proper cleaning and
protection of machined surfaces and friction areas is part
of the repair procedure. This is considered standard
shop practice even if not specifically stated.
• A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to

friction areas during assembly to protect and lubricate
the surfaces on initial operation.

• Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston

rings, connecting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft
journal bearings are removed for service, they should
be retained in order.
At the time of installation, they should be installed in
the same locations and with the same mating
surfaces as when removed.

• Battery cables should be disconnected before any

major work is performed on the engine.
Failure to disconnect cables may result in damage to
wire harness or other electrical parts.

• The four cylinders of the engine are identified by

numbers; No.1 (1), No.2 (2), No.3 (3) and No.4 (4) as
counted from flywheel side to crankshaft pulley side.

Engine Diagnosis General Description

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The engine and emission control system in this vehicle
are controlled by ECM. ECM has an On-Board
Diagnostic system which detects a malfunction in this
system and abnormality of those parts that influence the
engine exhaust emission. When diagnosing engine
troubles, be sure to have full understanding of the outline
of “On-Board Diagnostic System Description” and each
item in “Precautions in Diagnosing Trouble” and execute
diagnosis according to “Engine and Emission Control
System Check”.
There is a close relationship between the engine
mechanical, engine cooling system, exhaust system,
etc. and the engine and emission control system in their
structure and operation. In case of an engine trouble,
even when the warning light (MIL, injection warning light,
and/or red stop warning light) doesn’t turn ON, it should
be diagnosed according to this flow table.

On-Board Diagnostic System Description

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ECM in this vehicle has the following functions.
• When the ignition switch is turned ON with the engine

at a stop, MIL (1), turns ON to check the warning light
and its circuit.

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Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-3

• When ECM detects a malfunction, it makes injection

warning light (gravity 1 fault) (2) and/or red stop
warning light (gravity 2 fault) in the meter cluster of the
instrument panel turn ON and stores the malfunction
area in its memory.

• When ECM detects a malfunction which gives an

adverse effect to vehicle emission while the engine is
running, it makes the malfunction indicator lamp in the
meter cluster of the instrument panel turn ON and
stores the malfunction area in its memory.

• When a malfunction is detected, a malfunction in

some areas in the system and driving cycles then are
stored in ECM memory (For the details, refer to
description on “Indicator Lamp Operation Table”.

Warm-Up Cycle
A “warm-up cycle” means sufficient vehicle operation
such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least
22

°C (40 °F) from engine starting and reaches a

minimum temperature of 70

°C (160 °F).

Driving Cycle
A “driving cycle” consists of two parts, engine startup
and engine shutoff.

3 Driving Cycle Detection Logic
The malfunction detected in the first driving cycle is
stored in ECM memory (in the form of pending DTC) but
the malfunction indicator lamp does not light at this time.
It does not light up at the second detection of same
malfunction also in the next driving cycle. It lights up at
the third detection of same malfunction also in the third
driving cycle.

Pending Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
Pending DTC means a DTC detected and stored
temporarily at first or second driving cycle of the DTC
which is detected in the 3 driving cycle detection logic.

Data Link Connector (DLC)
DLC (1) is in compliance with SAE J1962 in its
installation position, the shape of connector and pin
assignment.
K line (3) of ISO 9141 is used for SUZUKI scan tool or
OBD generic scan tool to communicate with ECM, Air
bag SDM, immobilizer control module, BCM (Body
electrical Control Module), 4WD control module and
ABS or ESP

® control module.

1. B+

2. ECM ground

3. Body ground

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1A-4 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:

CAN Communication System Description

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ECM (1), ABS or ESP

® control module (2), BCM (3), 4WD control module (4), combination meter (5) and immobilizer

control module (6) of this vehicle communicate control data between each control module.
Communication of each control module is established by CAN (Controller Area Network) communication system.

CAN communication system uses the serial communication in which data is transmitted at a high speed. It uses a
twisted pair of two communication lines for the high-speed data transmission. As one of its characteristics, multiple
control modules can communicate simultaneously. In addition, it has a function to detect a communication error
automatically. Each module reads necessary data from the received data and transmits data. ECM communicates
control data with each control module as follows.

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