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Тексты для чтения и лексический минимум по дисциплине Английский язык

 

             

Тексты для чтения и лексический минимум по дисциплине Английский язык

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ФИЛИАЛ

государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования

«Дальневосточный государственный технический университет

(ДВПИ имени В.В. Куйбышева)» в г. Петропавловске-Камчатском

Одобрено Утверждаю

МК филиала Директор филиала

___________ Помогаева Г.Н. __________ Разумеев М.Л.

«____» ___________ 2007 г. «____» ___________ 2007 г.

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ И ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ МИНИМУМ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

«АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК»

Специальности: «Менеджмент организации»,

«Государственное и муниципальное управление»

Учебное пособие

Согласовано: Утверждены на заседании кафедры

Заведующий кафедрой Гуманитарных и социальных дисциплин

Менеджмента от «__25 __» ____10 ____ 2007 г.

_________ к.э.н., доц. Морозова Ю.С.

Заведующий кафедрой

_____________ к.ф.н. доц. Разумеев М.Л.

Разработал – ст. преподаватель

Яцевич Т.В.

Петропавловск-Камчатский, 2007

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

1. OFFICE FURNITURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. OFFICE EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

3. COMPUTERS IN AN OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. STATIONERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5. ORIENTATION INSIDE AN OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

6. OFFICE SAFETY & SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

7. THE COMPANY YOU WORK FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

8. WELFARE SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

9. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

10. JOB TITLES& PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

11. JOB CONTENT AND OPPORTUNITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

12. SALARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

13. COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

14. SPEAKING OVER THE PHONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

15. ARRANGING AN APPOINTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

16. PETTY CASH & CHANGING MONEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

17. MONEY & BANKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

18. SPECIAL FINANCING INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

19. THE FINANCIAL MARKETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

20. TODAY'S EXCHANGE MARKETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

21. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

22. FINANCIAL FUTURES AND TRADED OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . 52

1. OFFICEFURNITURE

Офисная мебель

modemfurniture современная мебель
modularfurniture модульная мебель
furnished меблированный
fittedwardrobe встроенный шкаф (для одежды)
built-in closet встроенныйшкаф
corner construction угловаяконструкция
office cupboard канцелярскийшкаф
desk канцелярский (письменный стол)
typingdesk стол для пишущей машинки
filing (file) cabinet шкафдлякартотек
filingshelves полки для картотеки
filingdrawer ящик для картотеки
top / bottomdrawer верхний / нижний ящик
cabinet шкафчик
conferencegrouping уголок для проведения совеща­ний
conferencetable большой офисный стол
coffeetable низкий столик
high-backdeskchair стул с высокой спинкой
visitorchair стул для посетителя
swivelchair вращающийся стул
mobilechair стул на колесиках
easychair кресло
ergonomic эргономичный
upholstered мягкий (о мебели)
leather кожаный
two-seatersofa двухместный диванчик
coat stand (rack for coats) вешалка
tray тележка, поднос
umbrellastand стойки для зонтиков
planter (plantstand) ящик для комнатных цветов
waste-paperbasket корзинка для использованнойбумаги

MODERN OFFICE – WELL PLANNED, COMFORTABLE, TIME-SAVING

Modern modular furniture offers great flexibility to create interesting configurations. Movable partitions can change the size of the space: being moved around they divide big spaces into work cubicles.

A senior management office can be divided into three zones: a working zone, a conference zone for meetings with employees and an area for relaxation and entertain­ing visitors.

Modular and ergonomic furniture optimizes the amount of usable space and can organize functional and comfortable workstations, Manufacturing companies offer a selectable of Corner constructions, shelves, compact desks with rounded corners, light weight filing cabinets with wheels which can be tucked away under desks, conference groupings and up­holstered or leather furniture, office wardrobes of various designs and sizes.

The colour of the floor has an effect on people: they tend to feel less confident when walking on shiny floors отод light carpeting. Dark carpeting gives visitors a feeling of sta­bility.

Neutral colours and surfaces are recommended for con­servative offices: warm colours such as beiges keep people relaxed, while cool colours - blue, grey - keep people ener­getic and concentrated. For offices where desk-top computers are the main means for work, it is recommended to have the walls painted in a light shade of green, as green is relax­ing on eyes that have been 'glued' to a computer monitor.

Artwork - watercolors, landscapes - placed on a wall will also help-cope with fatigue and irritation.

2. OFFICE EQUIPMENT

Офисное оборудование

air conditioning кондиционер
personalcomputer (PC) персональный компьютер
computersetup компьютерная установка
desktopmodel стационарная настольная модель
handheldmodel переносная модель

portable/mobile

personalcomputer

переносной компьютер
Intercom внутренний телефон или селекторная связь
switchboard внутренний коммутатор
callingcentre АТС для организации
telephone телефон
answeringmachine автоответчик
with digital memory сцифровойпамятью
witherrorcorrection с системой исправления ошибок
faxmachine факсимильный аппарат
photocopier копировальная машина
laserprinter лазерный принтер
desklamp настольная лампа
calculator калькулятор
dictatingmachine диктофон
documentshredder уничтожитель документов
Typing Выполнение машинописи
Typist машинистка
shorthandtypist стенографистка
typewriter печатная машинка
manualtypewriter механическая печатная машинка
electrictypewriter электрическая печатная машинка
totype печатать (на машинке)
wpm (words per minute) словвминуту
totypeat 40 wpm печатать со скоростью 40 словв минуту
tohavehighshorthand показывать хорошие скорости
andtypingspeeds стенографирования и печатания
ribbon лента
ribboncassette катушка с лентой
left/rightmarginstop левый/правый полеограничитель
paperbailwithroller планка для прижатия бумаги с роликами
platen валик
paperreleaselever рычаг освобождения бумаги
Keyboard клавиатура; кнопочный номеронабиратель тел.
a new line краснаястрока
Space интервал
Margin поле
Paragraph абзац
punctuation marks знакипрепинания
colon /: / двоеточие
semicolon / ; / точкасзапятой
full stop (US : period) /. / точка
comma /, / запятая
hyphen / - / дефис
dash / - / тире
apostrophe /' / апостроф
brackets / () / скобки
inverted commas, or quotation marks / "..." / кавычки
questionmark /? / вопросительный знак
exclamationmark /! / восклицательный знак
oblique / наклонная черта
tick "птичка"
cross/x/ "крестик"
asterisk / * / "звездочка"

OFFICE ESSENTIALS

Most offices start with the basics: a telephone/fax machine combination, computer and a copying machine. A modern fax machine can be combined with a digital answering ma­chine, telephone, digital memory, and error correction.

It is important that the computer suits the needs of the user. There are Internet machines (Net Stations') that do not have hard disks and are specifically for web browsing. Com­puters are usually bundled with the software from which you can choose what you need. A network laser printer is eco­nomical and efficient, as office workers from many worksta­tions can print from the same machine.

The latest copiers have digital functions, colour capabili­ties, high quantity stacking capabilities.

Very often it is possible for every employee in an office to have a telephone extension at the desk. Workers can make direct calls from their own phones to anybody else in the office, through internal switchboard and telephone switch­ing systems or calling centres. Calling centres have a great capacity, and can accommodate from hundreds to tens of hundreds of subscribers. It is possible to use voice mail to call a person if he or she is not available at the desk.

Another must in an office is a document shredder. Big offices generate lots of waste paper, and a shredder is partic­ularly useful when there are checks, bank statements or other confidential materials to be shredded.

3. COMPUTERS IN AN OFFICE

Компьютеры в офисе

wordprocessor текстовый редактор
filing хранение информации
accountsdepartment бухгалтерия
webbrowsing навигация в сети
installacomputer установить компьютер
systemadministrator системный администратор
adaptation адаптация
tailoredtospecificneeds приспособленный под определенные потребности
programming программирование
accurate informationnetwork точная информация
networkserver сеть (сетевой) сервер
workstation рабочая станция

access to the files

password

доступ к файлам
пароль
wideareanetworks широкомасштабная сеть

local area networks

audible signal

локальнаясеть
звуковойсигнал
transmission передача
fraction доля, часть
Computer-users, mini-vocabulary Словарикпользователя
byte данных байт
CD-ROM disk диск CD-ROM
CD-ROM drive дисковод CD-ROM
CPU (Central Processing Unit) центральныйпроцессор
cursor курсор
data данные
database базаданных
file файл
floppydisk магнитный минидиск, дискета
floppydrive дисковод для магнитных мини­ дисков
format формат (данных) форматировать
hard disk, HDD (Hard Disk Drive) жесткий диск, винчестер
hardware аппаратная часть, устройство
inkjetprinter струйный принтер
input ввод
key клавиша
keyboard клавиатура
modem (modulator-demo-dulator) модем
monitor монитор
mouse мышь
mousepad коврик для мыши
output вывод
programminglanguage язык программирования
RAM (Random Access Memory) оперативная память
Screen экран
software программное обеспечение, про­грамма
texteditor текстовый редактор

USING COMPUTERS

A computer really makes office life easier as it can do all sorts of different jobs. The same computer could be used, for example, as a word processor, for filing, printing, working out statistics for the accounts department, communicating with other offices, web browsing.

When a company decides to install a computer, it usually gets a system administrator to study the ways in which the machine might best be used. If the company is a large one, the system administrator may be a full-time employee, look­ing after the continuous improvement and adaptation of the computer system. The system administrator will recommend what kinds of program and computer equipment are required.

Many companies buy ready-written programs 'off the shelf, or buy programs that can be tailored to specific needs but are mostly standard. This reduces the cost of the system, for programming is very expensive and time-consuming. Once it is installed and running, a well-designed computer system can take over much of the routine work and at the same time provide accurate information about the business quickly and efficiently.

LOCAL AREA NETWORK FOR A SMALL COMPANY

Such network consists of a central computer, with a num­ber of other computers, laser printers, and other machines, such as might be used in a modern office. Each computer that is linked to the network is referred to as a terminal or a workstation. The central computer is referred to as a network server. As each workstation has access to the files held on the hard disk system of the server, information held there can beobtained by any of the workstations, subject to the right pass­word. Thus the accounts manager can obtain historical data about sales, for example, and use his workstation to produce his statistics.

Wide area networks link offices in different parts of the country or of the world by special communication lines. Wide area networks link the same kinds of machine as local area networks, but you may find a facsimile machine at each end of the long-distance link. The facsimile machine can scan any document or photograph and transmit a copy of it to the machine at the other end of the link.

It is possible to transmit information over the normal 'speech' telephone lines, using a device called a modem. The output of the computer is converted into an audible signal, and sent down the telephone lines. A modem at the other end translates the signal for the receiving computer. Because tele­phone lines are intended for speech, they are not ideal for data. The speed of transmission is only a fraction of what can be obtained using proper data lines, and the reliability is not as good. The advantage is its cheapness.

4. STATIONERY

Канцелярские товары (принадлежности)

paper бумага
sheetofpaper лист бумаги
reamofpaper стопа бумаги
plainpaper обычная бумага
correspondencepaper писчая бумага высшего качества
ruledpaper линованная бумага
headed note-paper фирменныйбланк
whatmanpaper ватманская бумага
stock of notepaper пачкабумаги
carbonpaper копировальная бумага (копирка)
flimsypaper папиросная (тонкая) бумага
shorthand pad блокнот для стенографии
(Am.: stenopad)
envelope конверт
correcting (correction) fluid жидкостьдляисправленияошибок
archboardfile скоросшиватель с пружиннымзажимом
folder палка для документов, коррес­понденции
ringbinder скоросшиватель (папка)
stapler (stapling machine) скоросшиватель
staples скобы металлические для скоросшивателя
paper clip / paper fastener скрепка
drawing pin канцелярскаякнопка
hole punch дырокол
airmail sticker наклейкадляавиапочты
adhesive tape клейкаялента
adhesive tape dispenser катушкасклейкойлентой
tear-offedge кромка-лезвие для отрыва ленты
packingtapе упаковочная лента
rubberbands резинки (для скрепления чего-л.)
eraser, rubber резинка (для стирания следов карандаша с бумаги)
ruler линейка
gluepot пузырек с клеем
moistener
set of drawing instruments

губка

готовальня

pen ручка
ball-point pen шариковаяручка
felt tip pen фломастер
fiber tip (marker) pen маркер
pencil карандаш
pencil sharpener точилка
drawing pencil чертежныйкарандаш
desk diary дневник
deskset настольный письменный прибор
pen-and-pencil tray подставкадляручек
desk mat (blotter) пресс-папье
telephone directory телефонныйсправочник
wall calendar настенныйкалендарь
pettycashbook журнал регистрации мелких рас­ходов

SPEAKING ABOUT STATIONERY

Here is the drawer for ball-point pens, rulers, drawing in­struments, boxes of drawing pins and paper clips, small and large. There is a stapling machine and a hole punch, too. Here we have all types of storage (places to keep things). In that built-in closet there ought to be envelopes, headed notepaper, plain paper, stationery, glue-pots, adhesive tapes, pack­ing tapes, rubber bands and erasers. This is a drawer for all sorts of files and here is another drawer for personal things. In the top drawer there are two telephone directories, one of them containing the employees' home phone numbers.

ORDERING STATIONARY

- Good morning. Is that the sales department?

- Yes. Miss Warner speaking.

- Good morning, Miss Warner. My name is Elsie Brown from BSD International. I'm ringing about our last order.

- Could you give me the delivery number, please.

- Yes, 3839.

Right. Here it is. Now, what can I do for you?

- Well, firstly, the pencil sharpeners we ordered didn't arrive.

- No. I'm afraid our suppliers didn't deliver any pencil sharp­ to us. I'll try to send them to you next week.

- The other thing is that we ordered large paper-clips, and you've sent small ones.

- I'm very sorry. We'll send you the correct ones this after­ noon and collect the ones you've got.

- Well, I'm afraid I can't sign the delivery note.

- Could you change it to what you actually received and then sign it?

- I'll do that.

- And I'll arrange for our accounts department to issue a credit note for the difference in price. They've probably already prepared the invoice from the delivery note.

- That's fine. I look forward to receiving the correct paper clips this afternoon.

- Sorry for all the trouble. We've got a new man working in the stock room.

- Well I hope it won't happen again. This is the second time this month that you've sent the wrong order.

PHRASES TO BE USED when buying or ordering some­thing for your office (furniture, equipment, stationery):

We want... (say what and how much you want).

Нам нужно ... (скажите, что и сколько вам нужно).

We would like / prefer to have ...

Нам бы хотелось / Mbi бы предпочли приобрести...

How much does it cost?

Сколько это стоит ?

Is there a guarantee?

Имеется ли гарантия ?

Will we get a discount?

Можем ли мы иметь скидку?

How big will a discount be?

Какая скидка будет предоставлена?

Isitsimpletoinstall?

Это легко устанавливается?

Is it easily fitted and removed?

Легко ли это устанавливается и убирается?

Is it water repellent / stain resistant / washable?

Это водонепроницаемо /не пачкается /стирается?

How soon can you deliver it?

Когда вы сможете это доставить?

When can we have the invoice?

Когда мы можем получить счет-фактуру?

5. ORIENTATION INSIDE AN OFFICE

Путеводитель по офису

onthegroundfloor на первом (наземном) этаже
turnleft/right повернуть налево / направо
go this way as far as the идти в этом направлении до лифта
elevator (Am) /lift (GB) лифт, подъемник
take the lift to the ... floor поднятьсялифтомна ... этаж
next to the counter / entrance следующийзастойкой / входом
youcan'tmissit вы легко его найдете (вы не смо­жете не заметить и пройти мимо)
upstairs / downstairs вниз (внизу) / вверх (вверху)
over there вонтам
downthecorridor дальше по коридору
opposite the lift напротивлифта
in the middle of the lobby вцентрезала
behind the central pillar зацентральнойколонной
in front of перед
canteen столовая, буфет (на заводе, в учебном заведении и т.п.)
round the comer зауглом
in the right / left wing в правом / левом крыле
go straight on идти прямо
takethesecondright / второй поворот направо / первый
the first left (поворот) налево
go down / up staircase спускайтесь / поднимайтесь по
( number or letter) лестнице ... (номер или буква)
out of the back of the buildine из тыльной (задней) части здания
by door черездверь
outside снаружи
assemble собираться

FINDING YOUR WAY ABOUT. GIVING DIRECTIONS

- Excuse me, I'm looking for the personnel department. Do you know where it is?

- I'm a stranger here myself, but I happen to know that it's on the second floor, in the left wing.

- Thank you very much.

- Excuse me, where is the store room?

- It's on the ground floor. At the end of the corridor turn left, room 27.

- Excuse me, what floor is the general manager's office on?

- Go this way as far as the elevator. Take it to the third floor. His office is next to the samples exhibition counter, on your right, you can't miss it.

- May I ask to help me?

- Sure. What can I do for you?

- I can't find your marketing services. Are they upstairs or downstairs?

- The marketing section is just on this floor, over there, down the corridor. Rooms 304 and 305, next to the stationary store.

- Where's the managing director's office?

- Go upstairs and turn right. It's the second door on the right, opposite the transport manager's office.

-The mail room is next to the entrance, opposite the lift. And the information desk is in the middle of the lobby, behind the central pillar, in front of the public telephones. Our canteen with a small bar are round the corner, in the right wing. To get to the guards' rest facilities, you should go straight on, take the second right, then the first left.

-As you know, there was a small fire in one of our show rooms yesterday, so I want to make sure that you all know what to do if we have another one. In rooms 1 to 10, you should go down staircase A, out of the back of the building by door 2 and then wait in the car parking outside. If you are in any other room, use staircase B. Go out of door 5 and assemble by the fountain.

6. OFFICE SAFETY & SECURITY

Безопасность и охрана офиса

Crime преступление
armedrobbery вооруженное ограбление
embezzlement растрата; присвоение чужогоимущества или чужих денег
safeguards охрана
ensureawareness обеспечить сознательность
defraud отнимать (с помощью обмана)
spot обнаруживать
deter останавливать, отпугивать, удерживать
shoplifting воровство (покупателей) в магазинах, магазинные кражи
screen тщательно отбирать, проверять
hire нанимать на работу
lock замок
sparekeys запасные ключи
pilfering (pilferage) хищение
petty theft мелкаякража
thief вор
robber грабитель
intruder непрошеный пришедший
suspiciously подозрительно
confidential секретный
securitysystem охранная система
reliable надежный
safety безопасность
electrical appliances электроприборы
fire пожар
alarm тревога
tirebrigade пожарная команда
tireescape запасной выход
smoke detector детектордыма
fire extinguisher огнетушитель
escape plans планыэвакуации
foam пена

ADVICE ON SECURITY MEASURES

Crimes ranging from armed robbery to embezzlement can destroy even the best businesses. You should install a good physical security system. Just as important, you must establish policies and safeguards to ensure awareness and honesty among your personnel. Because computer systems can be used to defraud as well as keep records, you should check into a computer security program. Consider taking seminars on how to spot and deter shoplifting and how to handle cash. Finally, careful screening when hiring can be your best ally against crime.

SECURITY AND SAFETY IN AN OFFICE

A simple but reliable security system, such as special sensors attached to the doors and windows are often used. Taking security to the next level, a video camera or several video cameras are used in blind or hidden spots in corridors or corners of big buildings or places attractive to intruders. Adding a video tape recorder to the security camera is recommended so that you have a visual record to take to the police if necessary. There exist some security systems that search a visitor for weapons.

These are some rules for the staff to follow:

1. Always keep money in a safe place, never leave it in an unlocked drawer. It is recommended to keep it in a safe.

2. Be careful with keys - don't leave spare keys lying around.

3. Close windows when you are out - a thief needs only 2 minutes.

4. Don't leave a visitor alone in your office - use the telephone to find out if someone can see him.

5. Don't give strangers confidential information. Watch out for people behaving suspiciously.

6. In cases of pilfering and petty theft call the police.

7. Always remember safety rules when using electrical appliances: switch them off before leaving the office or before adjusting them, don't leave the electric cables on the floor.

8. Do not smoke in an office, only in special places, if you cannot give up that harmful habit.

9. Have proper ventilation for heaters and other small appliances.

10.Install smoke detectors and fire extinguishers, maintain them regularly and keep fresh batteries in smoke detec­tors for proper operation. Have, discuss and rehearse es­cape plans.

11.In case of fire, sound the alarm. If possible put out the fire yourself. Use foam not water ftear electrical appliances. If you cannot do that call the fire brigade immediately. Leave the building by the nearest exit - fire escape.

12.Please be responsible and careful. Always.

INSTRUCTING ON SAFETY

- We've got a new man working in the stock room. He should be instructed on our security and safety rules.

- I have already informed him about our routine in this, but he should read the instruction and sign in the register.

-The main things which should be remembered and always observed are: not to leave money in an unlocked drawer and always put it in a safe at night, close windows when one is out, not to leave a visitor alone in the office. Very important is also not to give strangers confidential infor­mation.

- Yes, he'll find all this in our safety instruction, and I've also told him to take care of his own belongings.

- Right you are. I hope he will prove to be a responsible per­son.

7. THE COMPANY YOU WORK FOR

Компания, в которой вы работаете

headoffice главный офис (контора)
manufacturer (producer) производитель
major крупный
software программное обеспечение
customerservice обслуживание клиентов
division отделение
network сеть
dealer дилер
workshop цех, мастерская
expand manufacturing расширять
capacity производственные мощности
startbusiness начать деловую деятельность
launch запустить (производство, товар на рынок)
branch отрасль, филиал
subsidiary дочерняя компания
getacontract получить контракт
totalsales общие продажи, реализациятовара
exceed превышать
turnover товарооборот
profit прибыль
researchanddevelopment научно-исследовательские раз­работки
to hold top-ranking position заниматьлидирующееместо
corebusiness главная, основная деятельность
concrete бетон
aggregates зд. наполнители (бетона)
gypsum гипс
roofing кровельное покрытие
employ нанимать
to be committed бытьприверженным
constructionmaterials строительные материалы
netoperatingincome чистый операционный доход
netearnings чистая прибыль
groupshare все выпущенные акциикомпании
per share наакцию
operate действовать
revenue доход
jointventure совместное предприятие
establish учреждать
breakawayfrom отделиться от
statutoryfund уставный фонд
balanceloss балансовый убыток
initiate инициировать, начать
merge сливаться
mainsupplier основной поставщик

COMPANY'S HISTORY

KKK is a famous computer manufacturer based in... (the name of the country).

The Head Office is in ... (the capital of the country), and there are offices in other cities.

KKK is a leader in the field of minicomputers and busi­ness microcomputers, and it is a major software producer It has a large customer service division, with a wide network of dealers and agents.

KKK has three main production workshops and is plan­ning to expand manufacturing capacity in the next two years.

ККК started business in 1981, and produced small electron­ic components for the first few years. Then it launched its first micro and moved into the computer market in 1986. Now it has five branch offices; in 1991 it opened its overseas subsidiary.

In 1997 KKK launches the famous L66 models and gets the contract to build control systems for the Space Program.

The Company's total sales exceed.... The turnover in 2000 exceeded.... Its profits reach ....

KKK works through five divisions: Research & Develop­ment, Production & Engineering, Software, Administration fc Central services, Sales & Marketing.

SPEAKING ABOUT COMPANIES

1. A world leader in construction materials, ZZZ holds top-ranking positions in all six of its core businesses: cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, gypsum, specialty products and roofing. ZZZ employs 65,000 people andgenerates annual sales of $ .... It is committed to the development of construction materials which bring greater comfort, aesthetic appeal and safety to our everyday lives. Net operating income reached $ .... Net earnings (Group share) reached $..., net earnings per share rose to $ .... These increases are the highest in ten years.

2. XXX is a multinational technical service company employing 63,500 people and operating in more than 30 countries. Last year the company generated $... in revenue from its main activities. XXX has been active in this country since December 1998, through a joint venture with ODD.

3. Established in 1996, BBB broke away from ADD in 1999. . Balance loss was .... The statutory fund is .... Realizing that its chances of remaining on the market on its own are slim, the company initiated a plan for merging with ADB, the main supplier in the& industry.

PHRASES TO BE USED when speaking about a company:

- to be established in 19... быть образованным в 19...

- to have a strong position in the market иметь сильную позицию на рынке

- to enjoy an excellent reputation иметь отличную репутацию

- to have qualified / skilled / technically trained employees иметь квалифицированных / обученных / технически подготовленных служащих

- to be a state-owned enterprise быть государственным предприятием

- to be in the process of transformation into a joint-stock company находиться в процессе преобразования в акционерное общество

- to provide services to ... обеспечивать обслуживание / услуги

- to offer high-quality products and innovative technologiesпредлагать высококачественные товары и новейшие технологии

8. WELFARE SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEES

Система социального обеспечения служащих

Welfare социальное обеспечение; материальная помощь; благополучие, благосостояние
medicalinsurance медицинская страховка
annualleave ежегодный отпуск
sickleave отпуск по болезни
maternityleave послеродовой отпуск
creche детские ясли
Noncontributory(non-contributary) пенсионное обеспечение за счет нанимателя
pension scheme (plan) relief /dole пособие по безработице
incentive стимул, поощрение
flexible working hours гибкийрабочийграфик
fringebenefits дополнительные льготы
benefit преимущество, привилегия, пособие (пенсионное, по страхованию и т.д.)
remuneration вознаграждение
dentalbenefits зубоврачебное обслуживание
relocation переезд, перемещение
allowance пособие, содержание (годовое, месячное и т.п.), скидка
parkingfacilities стоянка для автомашин
sportsfacilities условия для занятий спортом
canteen столовая (на предприятии)
subsidy субсидия, денежная помощь
furnishedaccomodation меблированная жилплощадь
rent квартирная плата
airfare авиабилет
forselfanddependents для себя и членов семьи
gratuity денежный подарок, пособие
reward (денежное) вознаграждение

COMPANY'S WELFARE INFORMATION

The benefits package of a company can contain medical insurance, annual leave, sick leave, paid maternity leave, creche facilities, pension scheme (noncontributary pension scheme), relief (dole), regular incentives, flexible working hours, paid overtime, fringe benefits. Also, big companies may offer their staff some benefits for remuneration package: dental benefits, relocation costs to and from the company, car allowance, free parking and sports facilities, the company's canteen, educa­tional subsidies for children, furnished accomodations at nomi­nal rent, annual leaves with airfares for self and dependents, annual gratuities, etc. Such benefits packages and rewards are usually commensurate, and the opportunities for a person who performs well may be considerable.

9. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Виды деловой деятельности

production производство, изготовление
manufacturing производство, обработка
raw materials сырье
provision обеспечение, снабжение
accommodation помещение; жилье
ministrations (pi.) помощь
maintenance техническое обслуживание
entertainment развлечение
accounting бухгалтерскийучет
legal services юридическая служба
stockbrokerage биржевые брокерские операции
advertising реклама, рекламирование
demand спрос
acquisition приобретение
utilization использование
keepaccounts вести учет, отчетность
check accounts проверятьсчета
data processing обработка данных
store хранить
database - база данных
currency валюта
securities ценные бумаги
distribution распределение, раздача, распространение
delivery поставка, доставка, разноска
advertisement рекламное объявление
accomplish objectives осуществить цели
retail розничная торговля
cashflow поток наличности
run a business управлять компанией, предпри­ятием
attitude отношение, положение
mode of live / living образжизни
sale ability возможность сбыта
luxuryproducts товары роскоши
prosperity процветание
stapleproducts основные товары (продукты)
business cycle деловойцикл
pricing установление цены
unfeasible невыполнимый
comparable сравнимый
merchandise товары
variables переменные величины
profit прибыль
specified определенный, указанный
returnoninvestments прибыль на инвестированный капитал
discounts скидки
in quantity (ies) в (большом) количестве
persuade убеждать
decision making принятие решения
productline ассортимент изделий
promotion меры по увеличению сбыта, по продвижению товара на рынке
channels of distribution каналы доставки (товара)
warehouse склад
human resource человеческие ресурсы, кадры
HRM division отделкадров
hire / recruit нанимать
compensation plan система вознаграждения (за труд)
benefitpackage пакет пособий (пенсионного, страхового и т.д.

SOME BUSINESS FIELDS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

Production - the activity of making or growing something. Manufacturing - making goods to sell from raw materials.

Services - the provision of work, accommodations, or ministrations desired by a consumer. Services familiar to most consumers are in the field of maintenance and repair, trans­port, travel, entertainment, education, and medical care. Busi­ness-oriented services include computer applications, mana­gement consulting, banking, accounting and legal services, stock brokerage, and advertising.

Marketing - the actions of identifying, satisfying and in­creasing the buyer's demand for a company's products; the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to cus­tomer in order to satisfy the customer and to achieve the com­pany's objectives.

Finance - money as a resource for business and other ac­tivities; the acquisition and utilization of capital in order to start up, operate, and expand a company; the management of money for business and other activities. Accounting - the handling of large amounts of information generated by busi­ness operations; the work of keeping or checking accounts. Data processing - using a computer to analyze and classify information stored in a database; the measurement and com­munication of financial information, computerized control of statistical data.

Trading - the buying and selling of goods, services, cur­rencies or securities. Exporting - sending goods, services, ideasor people to other countries. Importing - bringing goods, ser­vices, ideas or people into a country from another country.

Transportation - the movement of goods or people from one place to another, the movement, or distribution, of goods to places where they can be sold; the arrangement made for this. Delivery - taking letters, messages, goods, etc to the places or people they are addressed to.

Advertising - business that deals with making, distrib­uting and. selling advertisements; activities for making a product, a service, a job vacancy, an event, etc publicly known. It is done on television, radio, signboards; in news­papers, magazines, and catalogues; and through direct mail to the consumers.

Management - the activities guiding a company io ac­complish its objectives; the control or organization of peo­ple, a business, a department of a firm, a project or a pro­cess (e.g. financial, information, product, retail, cash flow, staff, database management).

MULT/FACETED PROCESS OF RUNNING A BUSINESS

A variety of operations keep businesses, especially large corporations, running efficiently and effectively. Common business operation divisions include production, marketing, finances, and human resource management.

Production includes those activities involved in conceptu­alizing, designing, and creating products and services. Marketing research is conducted to study consumer behaviour. Changing attitudes and modes of living directly affect the sale ability of products. The purchase of durable or long-lived goods, such as refrigerators, cars, and houses, or luxury products may be deferred when the economy is declining and may increase rapidly in periods of prosperity. Staple products, such as food and clothing, tend not to be seriously affected by the business cycle. Consumers today expect product innovations. Compe­tition between manufacturers of similar products naturally accelerates the speed of changes made in those products.

The two basic components that affect product pricing are costs of manufacture and competition in selling. It is unprofit­able to sell a product below the manufacturer's production costs and unfeasible to sell it at a price higher than that at which comparable merchandise is being ottered. Other variables also affect pricing. Company policy may require a minimum profit on new product lines or a specified return on investments, or discounts may be offered on purchases in quantity.

Marketing concentrates primarily on the buyers, or con­sumers, determining their needs and desires, developing stra­tegies to persuade them to buy. Marketing management in­cludes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling deci­sion making regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and servicing. In addition, the marketing department of a busi ness firm is responsible for the physical distribution of the products, determining the channels of distribution that will be used and supervising the transportation of goods from the factory or warehouse. Marketing and sales departments pre pare documentation, handle cargo, do packing for clients, advise on insurance and the best means of transport, handle customs procedures.

Finance involves the management of money, controlling capital on hand to pay their bills, seek extra capital to expand their operations. Other common financial activities includegranting, monitoring, and collecting on credit or loans, and ensuring that customers pay bills on time. The financial divi­sion of any business must also establish a good working rela­tionship with a bank. This is particularly important when a business wants to obtain a loan.

Businesses rely on effective human resource management (HRM) to ensure that they hire and keep good employees, and that they are able to respond to conflicts between work­ers and management. HRM specialists are responsible for recruiting new employees to replace those who leave and for filling newly created positions. A business's HRM division also trains or arranges for the training of its staff. Human resource managers create workers' compensation plans and benefit packages for employees.

10. JOB TITLES & PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS

Названия должностей и функции персонала

chairman of the board

(of directors)

председатель правления /совета

директоров

chief/generalmanager генеральный директор
managingdirector директор-распорядитель
deputymanagingdirector заместитель директора-распо­рядителя
commercial director коммерческийдиректор
accounting manager главныйбухгалтер
financialmanager финансовый директор
exportmanager директор по экспорту
marketingmanager директор по сбыту
officemanager руководитель конторы
personnelmanager начальник отдела кадров
productionmanager директор по производству
salesmanager коммерческий директор
trainingmanager заведующий отделомповышения квалификации / подготовки кадров
transportmanager заведующий транспортным отделом
supervisor инспектор
goodsexpert товаровед
secretary секретарь
post-roommanager заведующий почтовой службой
clerk офисный служащий
receptionist секретарь в приемной
typist машинистка
accomplish (achieve) objectives достигатьцели
data processing обработкаданных

MAKING APPOINTMENTS

Making appointments is one of the main personnel func­tions. Advertisements are placed in newspapers and in trade journals. Applicants who reply to these, or who are found in other ways, are sent application forms. From these best can­didates are chosen and a short list is drawn up. The short­listed applicants are called for an interview. During this, the employment package is explained: this includes the annual holiday entitlement, the rates of pay, and the opportunities for promotion. When the successful candidate is decided on, there is one last step: references are taken up before the ap­pointment is finally confirmed.

PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Top jobs demand top qualifications, and company direc­tors usually need a degree in economics or business adminis­tration, plus experience in the sphere of activity of the com­pany to get the job.

The managing director is responsible for the overall run­ning of the firm. A good commercial director should know his firm from the inside, and at all levels, plus know the outside environment: he should understand state tax policies, the wid­er sphere of economics and the mentality of the officials the firm is to deal with; -and when making a management deci­sion, he should study the market situation to estimate the reli­ability of the figures he is given. The sales manager is respon­sible for supplying goods to customers and is also very much the 'face' of the company, interacting with potential clients and persuading them to become customers. The personnel of­ficer is responsible for hiring staff and for staff welfare. The head of the accounts department is responsible for all the money in the firm. She or he handles payments from customers and wages for the staff. The office manager handles the day-to-day running of the office, orders office supplies and arranges for equipment to be serviced or repaired. The typist types letters and other documents for the company. The post-room clerkhandles the incoming and outgoing post. The receptionist an­swers the phone and greets visitors.

Office routine work and secretarial duties:

- doing all the paperwork

- filing, using a filing system and making up an index to the files for them to be found quickly

- answering the phone and phoning

- making travel arrangements, talking to the travel agents the company uses

- making appointments and fixing the meetings

- writing business letters

- sorting out the letters and knowing mail procedures and post-office services

- knowing office safety and security rules

- managing typing, audio-typing (when the text to be typed has been dictated on to a cassette tape)

- doing some proofreading

- using office equipment

- keeping the diary (for making appointments for the boss)

- taking the minutes of the meetings

- ordering stationery

- being responsible for circulating memos (memorandums) to other members of the staff

- screening callers to the office

- dealing with the petty cash (when buying coffee, and the like)

- being a shorthand typist, having high shorthand and typing speeds

- being a personal assistant - P.A. for short

So the secretary of a company is basically responsible for fielding phone calls, keeping track of appointments and tak­ing down the minutes at meetings.

ADVICE FOROFFICE WORKERS

You should train yourself to make more effective use of your time. This will help you to gain control over your job, to accomplish more of what is important for you. To get control of your time and your job it is necessary to avoid delays and distractions and to follow these rules of time management:

* list goals; * set priorities, * make a daily "To Do" list, * start with A's not with C's; * handle each piece of paper only once; * start now.

Advice for secretaries:

* know where to look for any information in your files;

* use a dictionary to check spelling, avoid errors, clumsy corrections;

* learn the names of the most frequent contacts by heart, keep a desk diary to mark down all work to be carried out, your boss's engagements and appointments, conferences, reminders of actions to be taken, birthdays of your col­ leagues, etc.;

* have a good telephone manner, good communication skills; never let your personal problems show in the office; pay attention to your personal appearance and manners.

PHRASES TO BE USED when speaking about responsi­bilities of employees:

- to join the company быть принятым на работу в компанию

- to be taken on the staff бытьпринятымвштат

- to work for the company работатьвкомпании

- to be with the company работатьвкомпании

- to hold position занимать должность

- to assume position вступить в должность

- to be appointed senior manager быть назначенным на должность главного менеджера

- to be responsible for ( planning , project management , etc .)
быть ответственным за (планирование, управление проектом)

- his responsibilities include... егообязанностивключают

- to work as ... before joining the company работать в ка­честве ... перед приходом в компанию

- his career included management positions in some Euro ­ pean countries его карьера включала управленческие должности в некоторых Европейских странах

- he began as an economist trainee at National Oil Company
онначиналкакэкономист-стажервНациональнойНефтянойКомпании

- his previous position has been as Department Head ранее онзанималпостначальникаотдела

- he is recognized as an expert in programming and soft ­ ware он получил признание как специалист по програм­мированию и программному обеспечению

- his role will be to install and tailor software applications to the specific needs of clients егофункциейбудетустановкаиадаптацияпримененияпрограммкнуж­дамклиентов

- he spent 10 years with Citibank and during his tenure there he lectured tax law at Sofia University and worked as a legal adviser for a law firm онработал 10 летвСити­ банкивтечениесрокапребываниявдолжностичиталлекциипозаконуоналогообложениииработалкон­сультантомвюридическойфирме.

11. JOB CONTENT AND OPPORTUNITIES

Содержание и перспективы работы

routine заведенный порядок, обычный(рабочий) режим, установив­шаяся практика
jobdescription описание функциональных обязанностей
jobobjective желаемая работа (чем хотите заниматься)
probation испытание, испытательный срок
base размещаться, базироваться
overtime сверхурочная работа
availabl нeдоступный, имеющийся в распоряжении
fulltime полный (рабочий) день
parttime неполный (рабочий) день

JOB PROSPECTS IN THE GENERAL ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF THE COMPANY

It is important to know how to ask for information about the job content, your responsibilities and the job prospects in your career to understand the organizational culture and the philosophy of the company. Consider the following:

1. What is much of my future work concerned with?

2. What sort of job is it?

3. What sort of work am I supposed to do?

4. What is the day-to-day routine like?

5. What are the bieeest problems?

6. What will (shall) I be in charge of/ be responsible for?
(What will my responsibilities include?)

7. Can I have my future job description?

8. I'd like to indicate my job objective.

9. Can I be on probation for a time first?

10.Where is the job based?

11.Is overtime available / desirable?

12. Are business trips available? (Shall I travel much?)

13. Is this post suitable for full time or part time?

14. Will I have any opportunities for personal development?

12. SALARY

Заработная плата

Salary жалованье, оклад, заработнаяплата служащего
wage(s) заработная плата (рабочих)
wagesandsalaries заработная плата рабочих и служащих
remuneration вознаграждение
reward вознаграждение, награда
startingsalary начальная зарплата
(wage) scale шкала (заработной платы)
commensurate соразмерный, соответственный
byagreement по договоренности, по согласиюсторон
negotiable по договоренности
grosspay / salary общая сумма зарплаты ("грязная ")
netsalary (takehomepay) чистая зарплата (за вычетом налогов)
deduction вычет
underpay не доплачивать
regularpay основная зарплата
fee for services платазауслуги
yearly salary годовойоклад
amount to (sum) составлять( сумму )
cash award (bonus, premium) денежнаяпремия
wages run from .. .(the date) зарплатаначисляетсяс... ( дата )
overtime pay сверхурочнаяоплата
(wage) rate тарифная ставка, расценки
salary based on hourly rate почасовая оплата
pay by the hour / by the job платить почасово / сдельно (за отдельную часть работы)